從日本角度看「中美共同防禦條約」

The Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of China: A Japanese Perspective

段瑞聰(Rui-Cong Duan)

《國史館館刊》 49期 (2016/09) Pp. 99-101+103-135

摘要

本文從四個方面考察「中美共同防禦條約」與日本的關係。日本學者關於「中美共同防禦條約」的研究大都將焦點集中在條約簽訂的背景、交涉過程和運用方面，關於該條約與日本的關係則無人涉及。該條約簽訂前後，日本《朝日新聞》和《讀賣新聞》時有報導，但是筆者沒有看到日本政府對於該條約發表公開言論。條約簽訂後，日本駐美國、臺灣等使領館紛紛在第一時間將各國媒體對該條約的報導匯報外務省，對日本政府理解該條約起到很大作用。綜觀「中美共同防禦條約」簽訂以後之日本國會會議紀錄，可以發現以下四點與條約關係最為密切。即中共與臺灣之取捨問題、「遠東條款」與「臺灣條款」、臺灣歸屬問題，以及沖繩歸還問題。「中美共同防禦條約」對日本內政與外交產生一定影響。但是，日本對臺灣和對中共的政策都是以美國馬首是瞻，「中美共同防禦條約」和「日美安全保障條約」都是冷戰下的產物。

關鍵字

中美共同防禦條約 ； 遠東條款 ； 臺灣條款 ； 臺灣歸屬問題

並列摘要

This article examines the relationship between the Mutual Defense Treaty (the Treaty) between the United States of America and the Republic of China on the one hand and Japan on the other from four different aspects. Most of the Japanese scholars have so far focused their researches almost exclusively on the Treaty in terms of its background, settlements and applications, while few studies cared to look at its relationship with Japan. Before and after the Treaty was signed, Asahi Shimbun and Yomiuri Shimbun had covered this event from time to time. However, as far as this author has explored, the Japanese government did not issue any official comments on the Treaty within this period of time. After the signing of the Treaty, the Japanese embassies in the US, Taiwan and etc., did send prime time reports about other countries' media coverage of it to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, which played a significant role in shaping the Japanese government's understanding of the Treaty. On the basis of a general review of the Japanese Diet's meeting minutes, it has revealed that the Treaty had been discussed mainly from four aspects: first and foremost, whether or not to recognize and establish foreign relations with mainland China or Taiwan; second, issues about the Far Eastern Clause and Taiwan clause; third, the ownership of Taiwan; and fourth, the reversion of Okinawa. The Treaty has since had certain degree of influences on Japan's domestic and foreign affairs. Nevertheless, when it comes to Japan's foreign policy on Taiwan and mainland China, the Japanese government has always looked to the US policies as a bellwether. The Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of China and Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between Japan and the United States of America were both results of the Cold War.

並列關鍵字

Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of China ； Far Eastern Clause ； Taiwan clause ； the ownership of Taiwan

參考文獻

《蔣中正總統文物》（臺北，國史館藏）〈蔣中正電艾森豪為防禦條約之簽訂致欽賀之意〉。

《蔣中正總統文物》（臺北，國史館藏）〈蔣中正電葉公超向美方宣傳中美協定成立意義並防範英法欲支持中共入聯事〉。

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