世界衛生組織與1950年代臺灣護理專業之發展

World Health Organization and the Development of Nursing in Taiwan During 1950s

張淑卿(Shu-ching Chang)

《國史館館刊》 56期 (2018/06) Pp. 43-45+47-96

摘要

1950年代臺灣的政治社會與經濟發展深受國際援助之影響，在醫療衛生方面也是由德日制轉變成美式醫學的重要時期。此時期臺灣的護理教育從醫院學徒培訓轉變為正規教育體系。1948年，世界衛生組織在瑞士日內瓦成立，對1950年代臺灣護理專業的發展有一定影響。如世界衛生組織西太平洋地區辦公室派護理顧問到臺大護理學校和臺大護理系協助教學、並協助臺灣主辦第二屆西太平洋地區護理教育會議；為促進臺灣公共衛生護理的推展，世界衛生組織同時提供獎學金，讓有教學興趣和發展潛力的護士出國進修。而在臺大護理系人力不足階段，世界衛生組織的護理顧問仍需負責護理教學，並協助提高護理教師的教學技能。本文首先簡述世界衛生組織的歷史及護理工作的進行，其次以護理教育會議、公共衛生護理以及對臺大護理教育的援助為例，探討世界衛生組織的護理專業知識和實務如何鑲嵌到臺灣，以及在世界衛生組織影響下，1950年代臺灣護理專業呈現的面貌。

關鍵字

護理史 ； 世界衛生組織 ； 知識跨界流動 ； 國際援助

並列摘要

In the 1950s, Taiwan's political, social and economic development was influenced by international organizations. The period was critical in the development of healthcare system in Taiwan, not only because the system changed from a German-Japanese model to an American model, but also because nursing education was transformed from apprenticeship training in hospitals into a formal education system. In 1948 the World Health Organization (WHO) was founded in Geneva, Switzerland. Shortly afterward, from the early 1950s onwards, the nursing profession in Taiwan underwent a significant development. The Western Pacific Region of WHO sent nursing consultants to the Nursing School at National Taiwan University to assist in teaching, and in organizing a meeting of the Western Pacific Region of nursing education on the island. WHO also provided scholarships to outstanding nurses and nurses with teaching interests or great potentials to pursue nursing degrees abroad. When there was a shortage in the nursing faculty of National Taiwan University, WHO consultants participated in teaching and helped improve teaching skills of the existing faculty. Throughout the 1950s WHO also paid attention to public health nursing in Taiwan. This article will begin with a brief introduction of WHO history and its nursing work. It will then focus on three cases - the nursing education conference in Taiwan, public health nursing, and nursing education at National Taiwan University and its hospital - as examples of how WHO's nursing expertise and practice were brought to Taiwan. Under the influence of WHO, Taiwan's modern nursing profession was formed in the 1950s.

並列關鍵字

nursing history ； World Health Organization ； flow of cross-border knowledge ； international aids

參考文獻

《一般檔案》（臺北，中國國民黨黨史館藏）〈衛生行政概況〉。

《外交部檔案》（臺北，國史館藏）〈世界衛生組織西太平洋區護理教育會議〉。

《行政院農業委員會檔案》（臺北，國史館藏）〈Provision Of Living Accommodation for WHO Hospital Nursing Team〉。

《行政院衛生署檔案》（臺北，國史館藏）〈公共衛生護理人員區域會議〉。

《行政院衛生署檔案》（臺北，國史館藏）〈我國重新加入世界衛生組織案〉。