論戰後初期臺灣地方政治菁英的延續或斷層－以臺北縣為例

On the Continuation or ＂Gap＂ of Taiwan's Local Political Elite in the Early Postwar Period: A Case Study of Taipei County

羅國儲(Kuo-chu Lo)

《國史館館刊》 64期 (2020/06) Pp. 111-113+115-167

摘要

吳乃德、陳明通的〈政權轉移和菁英流動：臺灣地方政治菁英的歷史形成〉，是戰後臺灣政治發展的重要研究之一。其結論表示二二八事件後八成的臺灣地方政治菁英（主要為縣市參議員）從政治領域撤出不再參選的「斷層」一說，尤為大量研究所引用。本文擬與該文商榷若干論點，以該文所述「永遠退出選舉」的菁英比率在八個縣中最高的臺北縣（含今日新北市、宜蘭縣、臺北市一部、基隆市一部）為研究範圍。從行文邏輯、計算方式、取樣範圍、史實等方面，探討其論點是否成立。接著考察以往研究未曾提及的戰後初期鄉鎮市長之延續與流動。之後逐一審視縣參議員、縣議員的從政經歷，了解該文統計是否正確，並增補該文沒有統計到的增選、遞補、補選縣參議員。最後分析上述地方菁英的流動過程及其原因。考察結果與〈政權轉移和菁英流動：臺灣地方政治菁英的歷史形成〉一文的結論有顯著的不同。各種職位的臺北縣地方菁英，總計至少有六成以上繼續參選、從政。

關鍵字

二二八事件 ； 地方自治 ； 戰後臺灣選舉 ； 地方菁英 ； 宜蘭縣

並列摘要

Wu Nai-Teh and Ming-tong Chen's famous article, ＂Elites Circulation and Regime Transformation,＂ is one of the most important research on post-war Taiwan's political development. It concludes that the February 28th Incident caused 80 percent of Taiwanese local political elite - mainly county councilors - to withdraw from politics and never participate in an election as candidate again. This ＂Gap＂ theory has been widely referenced by many authors in various studies. This essay intends to discuss and review that theory. The example used here is Taipei County, which had the most withdraw rate of all counties. In the early postwar era the county covered today's New Taipei City, I-Lan County, part of Taipei City and part of Keelung City. This essay carefully examines the logic of wording, calculations, sampling range and some of the historical facts included in Wu and Chen's article. It then offers a new calculation of the circulation and continuation rates of township chiefs and mayors. This allow us to re-assess the county councilor's post-February 28th Incident electoral involvement, thus testing Wu and Chen's ＂Gap＂ theory. This essay also considers by-elections and extra-elections of councilors, which Wu and Chen do not mention in their article. Finally, the essay presents its own analysis on the circulation of all the elites mention above as well as the causes of that phenomenon. The conclusion of this essay is significantly different from that of Wu and Chen's article. Over 60 percent of Taipei County's local elites in different positions continued to participate in later elections as candidate.

並列關鍵字

February 28th Incident ； Local Self-government ； Postwar Taiwan elections ； Local elites ； I-Lan County

參考文獻

《陳誠副總統文物》（臺北，國史館藏）〈行政院對第一屆國民大會第二次會議議決案辦理情形簡表〉。

《陳誠副總統文物》（臺北，國史館藏）〈臺灣省政府施政報告（三）〉。

《陳誠副總統文物》（臺北，國史館藏）〈總統府臨時行政改革委員會總報告〉。

《新北市政府》（臺北，國家發展委員會檔案管理局藏）〈鄉鎮長選舉〉。

《臺灣宜蘭地方法院》（臺北，國家發展委員會檔案管理局藏）〈刑事判決原本〉。