「支那通」後藤朝太郎的臺灣人觀－以1920年《現在的臺灣》為中心

近代日本的中國觀，歷經了由典範到藐視的轉變。對明治維新以後走上西化之路的日本而言，中國大陸是一個擴張勢力的場域，而非以平等、尊重立場相待的對象。這個時期維繫日本社會對於中國興趣的，往往是「支那通」筆下的異國情調。本文主角後藤朝太郎便是有「支那通」之稱的一位人物。「馬關條約」以後，由中華帝國邊境社會成為日本帝國「內在支那」的臺灣，是某些統治官員或文化人士可得帝國內部之便，觀察「支那社會」、接觸「支那民族」的地方。後藤亦因曾任東京臺灣留學生宿舍高砂寮寮長之緣故，在日後以中國大陸為寫作對象而有「支那通」之譽以前，即擁有與臺灣人交遊或訪臺旅行等臺灣經驗，並有相關文字著述刊行。本文以後藤朝太郎所撰，由東洋協會刊行，描寫臺灣當時情況的宣傳讀物《現在的臺灣》（1920年出版）為中心，綜合考察作者前後時期的論述，探討其臺灣人觀。目的在對後藤「支那民族」認識框架下對中國人及臺灣人觀察所呈現的異同，作一爬梳整理。本文首先概述近代日本中國觀的變遷，然後簡介後藤生平事蹟和其作為「支那通」的生涯、兼及其高砂寮寮長任內的臺灣經驗，以及1915年和1919年兩度的臺灣考察旅行與感想。接著，進入文本《現在的臺灣》之內容介紹，將後藤的臺灣人觀置於當時殖民地臺灣所處的內外狀況下來解讀。最後，本文探析後藤對於臺灣人的期待，以及1910、1920年代之交，臺灣知識菁英在留學生騷動中所呈現之心理變化，和其間與後藤發生的齟齬，並進一步闡述1920年代後藤執著於「支那民族」之認識方法的侷限。

關鍵字

後藤朝太郎；東洋協會；高砂寮；支那民族；臺灣人觀

並列摘要

The attitude toward China in modern Japan underwent a transformation from seeing China as a model to looking at China with contempt. For Japan, which had been on the road to Westernization since the Meiji Restoration, mainland China quickly became a field for expansion rather than a neighbor that should be treated with respect. During this period, what maintained Japanese society's interest in China was often the latter's exoticism under the pen of "China hands," people who seemed to know everything about China. Asataro Goto was just such a "China hands." After the Treaty of Shimonoseki, Taiwan was changed from a frontier society under the Chinese Empire into an "inner China" under the Japanese Empire, a place where officials or cultural figures were able to immerse themselves in a Chinese society and come in contact with Chinese ethnicity. Before he published many books centered on mainland China, thus making him a so-called "China hands," Goto had extensive connections with Taiwan. He had served as the head of the Taiwanese student dormitory "Takasago Dormitory" in Tokyo, made friends with Taiwanese, traveled to Taiwan, and published writings related to those subjects. This article focuses on a propaganda book written by Goto, Taiwan Today, which was published by the Orient Association in 1920 and described Taiwan in the late 1910s. In exploring Goto's views of the Taiwanese, the article tries to delineate similarities and differences in his observations of the Chinese and the Taiwanese under a particular framework for "the understanding of ethnicity Chinese." The article begins by outlining the changes in modern Japan's view of China and briefly introducing Goto's life story as well as his career as a "China Hands." It discusses his experiences with Taiwan as the head of the "Takasago Dormitory" and his two research trips to Taiwan in 1915 and 1919. The article then provides a content analysis of the text of Taiwan Today, and interprets its views of the Taiwanese in the context of the internal and external conditions of colonial Taiwan at that time. Finally, the article examines the psychological changes of Taiwanese intellectual elites at the turn of the 1910s and 1920s, their discords with Goto during the riots of international students in Tokyo, and Goto's hopes for the Taiwanese. The article further considers the limitations of Goto's obsession with "Chinese ethnicity" in the 1920s.