北歐高齡者住宅·設施政策與體系建構之研究—以瑞典和丹麥為例

A Study on Policy of the Housing and Living Facility System for the Elderly in Northern Europe-by the Case of Sweden and Denmark

曾思瑜(Szu-Yu Tzeng)

《建築學報》 41期 (2002/10) Pp. 23-42

https://doi.org/10.6377/JA.200210.0023

摘要

隨著人口結構中高齡化比率的提昇，有關高齡者的居住問題及照護需求的滿足愈形迫切，建構一完整的高齡者住宅•設施體系以因應日益增多的高齡者居住需求是當務之急。本論文選定北歐高福祉國家的瑞典、丹麥為研究對象，收集國內外相關文獻資料並實際參訪相關機構，嘗試從高齡者醫療福祉相關政策的變動趨勢、高齡者住宅•設施種類及特徵加以探討分析，歸納出兩國高齡者住宅•設施政策的建構理念及特徵以供我國借鏡參考。
整理歸納後發現兩國在高齡者相關政策發展與住宅•設施設計規劃上有六點共同趨勢：1)人性化的高齡者照顧服務理念；2)醫療和社會福祉服務之整合與體系化；3)劃分適當服務圈域，調整地方自治體規模；4)導入小規模、融於社區的高齡者照顧住宅；5)簡化高齡者住宅•設施體系；6)實現住戶化的居住空間。
最後歸納出六項我國高齡者住宅•設施政策與規劃設計的課題與方向：1)實施地方分權，將興建高齡者住宅•設施的責任下放給地方政府；2)建立設施間的銜接系統、適當調整收編高齡者住宅•設施體系；3)提昇一般住宅的設計標準，且在住宅政策中納入興建「高齡者住宅」之規定；4)縮小入居規模、設施資源開放融合於社區；5)將硬體居住空間與軟體照顧服務分離；6)空間設計理念需從「機構」提昇到「住宅」層次。

關鍵字

高齡者 ； 住宅 ； 入居設施 ； 瑞典 ； 丹麥

並列摘要

As our society is becoming older, living and care problems for the elderly have become more serious. Establishing a good living facility system for the elderly is an important task. This paper chose Sweden and Denmark as the research objective. Related data was collected through a visit to these two countries. The transitions in housing and living facilities for the elderly in Sweden and Denmark were analyzed.
Six common attributes were found in these two countries: 1)establishing humanized principles in elderly care service; 2)integrating and systemizing medical care and welfare services; 3)service area division and readjusting the scale of local authority; 4)introducing small scale community integrated sheltered housing for the elderly; 5)simplifying housing and living facilities for the elderly; 6)creating house-like living spaces.
Three topics and orientations were developed for establishing housing and living facility system policies for the elderly in Taiwan: 1)transfer the responsibility for building elderly housing and facilities to regional governments; 2)establish an interface system between these facilities and adjust the housing and living facility system; 3)upgrade the design housing standards and set specifications for elderly housing in the housing policy; 4)decrease the living capacity, open the facility resources and integrate them into the community; 5)separate living spaces and care services into two parts; 6)improve the spatial design concept from an institutional into a housing setting.

並列關鍵字

elderly ； housing ； living facility system ； Sweden ； Denmark

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