高齡化社會都市社區老人福祉設施設置指標之研究－以板橋社後社區為例

A Case Study of the Indicator for Establishing the Elderly Welfare Facilities of Urban Communities in an Aging Society – Taking She-hou Community in Panchiao Urban as an Example

林筱秦(Hsiao-Chin Lin)

指導教授 ： 蔡淑瑩

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2012.00181

摘要

我國自1993年9月開始邁入高齡化社會，內政部預計民國125年老年人口比例將達21.6%，於今高齡者已成為社會上一群不容忽視的團體。隨著人口結構的轉變，對公共設施的需求亦隨之改變，惟現行我國都市計畫中公共設施的設置，僅著重於「人口總數」之考量，未考量到人口成長速度減緩或有結構性的改變時，公共設施需求應如何因應之問題。因此為因應高齡化社會的來臨，對於社區中提供高齡者日常使用之福祉設施是否足夠因應高齡化社會下之需求，為本研究之首要探討課題。本研究以板橋住宅社區為研究對象，以公共設施區位理論為基礎，透過AHP專家學者之問卷分析，藉以了解高齡者隨著生、心理狀態之轉變，對於日常休閒活動及公共設施之需求，並比較國內外公共設施相關法令，藉以檢討我國公共設施法令之制度，進而研擬一高齡化社會下適於高齡者之都市社區老人福祉設施設置指標原則，提供未來政府因應高齡化社會來臨所需面對之老人福祉設施設置之參考。
本研究主要成果如下：
一、都市社區老人福祉設施規劃設置指標權重：
　　探討有關高齡化社會老人福祉設施設置之指標，並了解高齡者使用福祉設施之現況及需求文獻，提出高齡化社會老人福祉設施設置之五項指標。本研究經AHP專家問卷進行層級分析各指標及準則之權重，並比較建築及都市計畫方面專家、社會學方面專家之權重計算結果，結果顯示二類專家學者首要重視的皆為「安全性」，其次則為「可及性」；而後於「保健性」與「參與性」方面出現差異，建築及都市計畫方面專家較重視「保健性」，社會學方面專家則較重視「參與性」；最終於「多樣性」指標部分，二類專家學者之差異不大。
二、老人福祉設施區位配置之建議：
透過都市計畫各層級老人福祉設施之設置，可使服務及資訊傳遞暢通。並建議老人福祉設施以「小規模，多機能」且「社區化」之設置模式為主，社區型老人福祉設施之服務半徑應約為500~600公尺(高齡者步行約10分鐘)；鄰里型則應約為300公尺(高齡者步行約5分鐘)。並以點推廣到面的方式，以福祉設施為據點，將服務推廣到社區及需要社區支持的家庭，同時建議於社區內落實定點定時之「行動式老人文康休閒服務」，以增加服務之可及性，進而建構緊密結合之高齡者休閒服務網絡。
三、老人福祉設施規劃設置之建議：
　　於設施之空間規劃上，建議採「複合式」型態方式規劃，並建議引入「健康促進」等相關保健服務，同時考量失能長者之需求，提供簡易之生活服務或復健設施等；而規劃上亦應考量地區之差異性，透過因地制宜之規劃，以符合當地高齡者之使用需求。

透過福祉設施設置之建議，營造適合高齡者使用之福祉設施，促使高齡者走出家中參與社區活動，更可展開老年人的支持網絡，進而落實在地老化之目標。

關鍵字

高齡化社會 ； 社區 ； 老人福祉設施 ； 指標

並列摘要

Taiwan has entered into an aging society since September 1993, according to official data from the Ministry of the Interior's statistics and strategic analysis, the elderly people will reach to 21.6% of total population in 2036, under this circumstance, the aging population has already become an important group that cannot be ignored in the future. The demand for public facilities would change along with the changes in demographic structure; however, currently urban plans implemented in Taiwan in terms of the establishment of public facilities are merely focusing on the consideration of "overall population", in spite of the slower population growth or structural changes, which cannot meet the actual requirements for the establishment of public facilities. Therefore, how to respond to the challenge of an ageing population and providing sufficient elderly welfare facilities for the aging population has become a subject of great concern in recent years. In this study, a residence community in Panchiao City was deemed to be an object of study, based on urban public facility location theory as well as the analysis of the Expert AHP questionnaires to find out the demand of daily leisure activities and public facilities following with the changes of older people’s physical and mental status. In addition, this study will review the laws and system of public facilities, and developing the principle of Indicator for establishing the elderly welfare facilities of urban communities in an aging society and hoping it will provide our government with a reference for responding to the requirements for establishing the elderly welfare facilities in the future.
The primary outcome of this study are as follows:
1. Indicator weight for planning and establishing the elderly welfare facilities in urban communities:
　　Probing into the Indicator related to the establishment of elderly welfare facilities in an aging society, and reviewing all reference relating to the current conditions and requirements when elderly people are using welfare facilities, and hence, providing five indices related to the establishment of elderly welfare facilities in an aging society, comprising: “security", "accessibility", "health", "participatory" and "diversity"; furthermore, according to the analysis of the Expert AHP questionnaires along with the principle and Indicator weight and the cognition of expert consensus, it was found that "security" is deemed the most important in terms of the Indicator level, which is followed by "accessibility", "health", "participatory" and "diversity”.
2. Location suggestions for the establishment of elderly welfare facilities:
　　The establishment of elderly welfare facilities at all levels shall be implemented through urban planning, which will be able to make a better service and information communication.This research suggests to primarily adopt the establishment model of "small scale, multiple functions" and "community-based", in which, the recommended service radius of the community-based welfare facilities for the elderly should be about 500-600meters (about 10-minute walk for most people); and the neighborhood-based welfare facilities should be about 300meters (about 5-minute walk). And meanwhile the service of welfare facility will be provided from one point-to-one area and covering every needed community or family based on a principle of fixed time and fixed location through “Mobile type elderly leisure and cultural services” to strengthen its "accessibility" and hence the afore-said services will be closely integrated into the elderly leisure service websites.
3. Suggestions in the planning and establishment of the elderly welfare facilities:
　　As to the spatial layout of the facility, the "compound type" layout is recommended, which shall be integrated with " health promotion " service. Additionally, it is necessary to consider the needs of disabled elderly in the meantime and providing a simple facility to provide service for living or rehabilitation; and also considering the diversity in each region to meet the special requirements for local elderly people .
　　Elderly welfare facilities set up by the proposal to create a suitable use of the well-being of elderly facilities,and encourage the elderly to participate in community activities out of the home, but also expand the support network of older people, and then implement the goal of aging in place accordingly .

並列關鍵字

Aging society ； Community ； Elderly welfare facilities ； Indicator

參考文獻

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