人類輪狀病毒現況與實驗室診斷

Current Status in Human Rotavirus and Laboratory Methods

洪鼎鈞(Ting-Chun Hung) ； 廖永樑(Yung-Liang Liao) ； 楊義爵(Yih-Jyue Yang)

《內科學誌》 18卷5期 (2007/10) Pp. 256-261

https://doi.org/10.6314/JIMT.2007.18(5).04

摘要

急性胃腸炎(acute gastroenteritis)是相當廣泛且常見的疾病，已成為僅次於呼吸道感染症的疾病。主要是因為衛生環境較差，或是食物及水源受到病原菌污染後，而導致胃腸道發炎的現象。臨床上常見的急性胃胃腸炎疾病，多屬於急性發作且為具感染性的，其中以輪狀病毒胃腸炎最為常見，無論大人或小孩皆有機會被感染。成人輪狀病毒腸胃炎通常極輕微或無症狀，但常造成六個月至二歲大的嬰幼兒急性腸胃炎，嚴重時會導致病童因腹瀉大量脫水而死亡。目前已知的輪狀病毒可分七群(A-G)，A群是造成人類感染最重要的主因。此外依病毒表面結構可細分14種G-serotype和超過20種P-serotype，其中造成人類感染大多屬Gl-4及G9。組合血清型中又以GIPS為最常見的病毒株。

關鍵字

急性胃腸炎 ； 人類輪狀病毒 ； G/P血清型

並列摘要

Acute infectious gastroenteritis is a quite extensive and common disease, has already become the disease second only to respiratory tract infection. The illness is often spread through the poor hygiene and sanitation, or contaminated food and water. According to the investigation of epidemiology, all syndrome of the gastroenteritis belongs to acute and infectious rotavirus gastroenteritis is responsible for the significant gastrointestinal disease no matter the adult or the child all have an opportunity to be infected. Usually mild or asymptom in adult with rotavirus gastroenteritis, but often cause the severe diarrheal diseases in infant of six months to two years of age, and deaths because of severe dehydrating diarrhea. In presence, rotaviruses are divided into seven major groups (A-G), group A is the most important pathogen. In addition can subdivide 14 kinds of G-serotype and exceed 20 kinds of P-serotype in accordance with the virus surface structure of which G1-G4 and G9 are commonly found in human, and the G-P combination G1P8 is common type worldwide.

並列關鍵字

Acute gastroenteritis ； Human rotavirus ； G/P serotype