Inventory Management in a Supply Chain with Unilateral Transshipments

允許單向轉運的供應鏈中的庫存管理

黃朔(Shuo Huang) ； 陳劍(Jian Chen) ； 吳鵬(Peng Wu)

《工業工程學刊》 24卷4期 (2007/07) Pp. 278-285

https://doi.org/10.29977/JCIIE.200707.0003

摘要

為完成一項特定任務，企業通常有幾種做法，其中一種基本的方式是與其他公司結成戰略聯盟。這種聯盟可以在供應商與零售商之間形成，也可以在零售商之間形成。在本文中，我們分析了一個兩級、多零售商、連續檢查的庫存系統，在這個系統中，我們允許零售商之間進行合作。當一個零售商缺貨，而至少有另外一個零售商持有多餘庫存時，該零售商能夠自由決定是否要轉運他的庫存。此外，我們還假設庫存的轉運只能是單向的，即我們只考慮單向轉運。在某些條件下，這個假設是合理的，例如當各個零售商的成本參數差別很大的時候。我們設計了一個啟發式規則，可以用於讓零售商決定是否要轉運他們的庫存，並提供了一個近似方法來評價本文所提出的系統中的轉運策略。在文章的最後，我們還進行了仿真試驗，用於檢驗我們所提出的方法的有效性，並分析了不同參數對零售商績效的影響。

關鍵字

單向轉運 ； 連續檢查 ； 庫存控制 ； 多級系統

並列摘要

One basic way for a firm to perform a particular task in a supply chain is to form strategic alliances with other companies. The alliances can be formed between suppliers and retailers, or among retailers. In this paper, we analyze a two-echelon, multi-retailer, continuous review inventory system in which coordination among retailers is allowed. The retailers are given the flexibility to transfer their inventory in situations where a retailer is stocked out and at least one of other retailers has surplus inventory, which is called emergency lateral transshipments. In addition, we assume that the transshipments are only allowed in one direction, i.e., we only consider unilateral transshipments. This assumption is reasonable under some conditions, such as the retailers have very different cost parameters. We design a heuristic rule for retailers to decide whether to transfer their stock or not, and provide an approximate technique to evaluate the transfer policy in this system. Finally, a simulation study is conducted to test the validity of this technique, and to analyze the impact of different parameters on the retailers' performances.

並列關鍵字

unilateral transshipments ； continuous review ； inventory control ； multi-echelon system

參考文獻

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