風險社會下的大眾媒體：公共新聞學作為重構策略

Mass Media in Risk Society: A Reconstruction with the Idea of PublicJournalism

黃浩榮(Hao-Rong Huang)

《國家發展研究》 3卷1期 (2003/12) Pp. 99-147

摘要

德國社會學家Ulrich Beck提出著名的風險社會理論觀點，適時地為當代社會的現狀與未來提出一組慧眼獨具的詮釋與規劃。在Beck的著作中，他屢次強調大眾媒體在風險社會中扮演著相當重要的一環，但遺憾的是，他卻未有系統地論述大眾媒體的角色與職能為何。
職是，在本文中，筆者試圖從Beck的著作中耙梳出風險社會下大眾媒體的角色；此外，Beck始終強調，風險社會的未來需要一個更為民主化的風險治理模式，而大眾媒體是否能對孕育這個更民主的風險治理模式有所貢獻？筆者選擇引入美國的公共新聞學理念，試圖進一步勾勒出更為適切的風險媒體角色以及更為合理、民主的風險治理模式。

關鍵字

風險 ； 風險社會 ； 公共新聞學 ； 媒體社會學

並列摘要

Ulrich Beck has declared with emphatic arguments that we are now in ”world/global risk society,” in which the logic of risk distribution has replaced that of wealth distribution and become the primary agent of social change. In risk society, among Beck's most works, mass media play a significant role and exert decisive influence in both the process of ”individualization” and of definition of risks.
Beck has depicted in his macro-theory the social role and functions of mass media-just in a rough manner, however. The lack of systematic analysis upon mass media in risk society has been criticized by some scholars (like Simon Cottle).
Hence, in this paper, I would like to systematically clarify and position the media roles, their primary social functions as well as how they operate fittingly in risk society, mainly focusing on Beck's theoretical framework; I would then critique the inequality and anti-democratic quality of risk-governing model we are now used to, no matter in the life experience or academic discourse; last, consequently would I, basing on Beck's ultimate ideal for a reasonably fair risk-distribution, try to explore a feasible way leading to a more democratic risk-governing model by adopting the idea of public journalism, in which (news) media would shoulder key responsibility and exert certain social power to help citizens gain their say as equally as the experts or politicians in the risk-definition process and make the civil rights well-manifested in the political realm.

並列關鍵字

risk ； risk society ； public journalism ； media sociology

參考文獻

媒體新聞處理失當案例

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