廢除國民大會的始末及其憲政意涵－從第七次憲改角度分析

Abolition of the National Assembly System: A Causation Study and Its Implication in the Rule by Constitution-Viewed in the perspective of the 7(superscript th) Constitutional Amendment

姚中原(Chung-Yuan Yao) ； 張淑中(Sue-Chung Chang)

《國家發展研究》 9卷2期 (2010/06) Pp. 163-205

摘要

作爲中華民國政權主體的「國民大會」機關，爲孫中山思想及三民主義中的一項重要設計和制度。然而，依我國憲法第二十五條設置並代表人民行使「間接民權」的國民大會，爲何會先被改革爲「任務型」國民大會，再經第七次憲改而被完全停止職權運作？當社會各界較關注於第七次憲改，包括立委人數減少、立委選制變更、公投制度入憲等結果時，卻未必完全瞭解同時廢除「國民大會」此一制度，在「權力分立」與「國會改造」角度之重要憲政意涵。以上問題，實有值得探討及深入研究必要。
經本文研究分析，第一，第七次憲改廢除國民大會的舉動，不僅打破了我國「憲政體制」有「五權體制」精神的說法，也打破了以「孫中山遺教」爲修憲界限的主張。第二，我國民意機關不同於一般民主國家，長期有「複數國會」爭議問題，也由於國會制度定位的一直不明確，使得「立法院」與「國民大會」之間常有爭執發生，而第七次憲改廢除國民大會，不只結束了我國「複數國會」長期爭議，更奠定了我國「單一國會」制度時代的來臨。

關鍵字

立法院 ； 國民大會 ； 憲法修改 ； 修憲界限 ； 任務型國民大會

並列摘要

The National Assembly System, as the central theme of the Regime known as the Republic of China, is a fundamental design and achievement of Dr. Sun Yat Sen's philosophy culminated in Samminjouilles. Yet, why is it that founded under and pursuant to ROC Constitution, Article 25, and in the name of the entirety of the ROC citizenry in the exercise of the power of the state, the National Assembly was firstly renovated to a so-called Mission-bounded National Assembly, thence, by the working of the 7th Amendment to the Constitution, totally put out of function? This puzzle certainly deserves a profound study and in-depth review, at a time when the society at large is overridingly concered about more of issues such as: revision of the Legislator Election System, Reduction of the Legislator Quota, incorporation of the Plebiscite System into the Constitution, than it is with regard to the abolition of the National Assembly System which is as much an issue embodied in the 7th Amendment, because abolition of the National Assembly bears two important constitutional intents; firstly, as explicated in this paper, the abolition of the National Assembly by the working of the 7th Amendment rightly challenges the traditional assertion that ours is a State built on the Five-Power Constitution, as much as it breaks down the condition precedent consensus that the Constitution Amendment should in no way tamper with Dr. Sun Yat Sen's Legacy, namely: Samminjouilles; secondly the Popular Representation System of our country is uniquely distinguished from most democratic states around the world in the design of a pluralistic national assembly system, the rather ambiguous nature of our pluralistic legislative design has given occasion to frequent contentions between the Legislative Yuan and the National Assembly, that explains why the seventh amendment to abolition the National Assembly System getting at work not only puts an end to the pluralistic Congress disputation, but also bids in the era of 'Sole Congress' system in our country.

並列關鍵字

Legislative Yuan ； National Assembly ； Constitutional amending ； Constitution amendment limitation ； Mission-bounded National Assembly

參考文獻

王孟倫(2000)。國民大會定位變革之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學國家發展研究所。

中國時報( 2000 年4 月10日) ，社會團體抨擊國大邊廢邊選，中國時報，第3 版。

中國時報( 2003 年l 月2 日) ，業務移交立法院，國大祕書處聲請釋憲，中國時報，第4 版。

中國五權憲法學會(1970)。五權憲法研究。台北市:帕米爾書店。

石之瑜()。