階級鬥爭與女性意識的覺醒－巴金《激流三部曲》中的無政府主義烏托邦理念

Class Struggle and the Awakening of Female Consciousness: Ba Jin's Anarchist Utopianism in Turbulence, a Trilogy

彭小妍(Hsiao-Yen Peng)

《中國文哲研究集刊》 2期 (1992/03) Pp. 353-384

https://doi.org/10.6351/BICLP.199203.0353

並列摘要

Near the end of the Qing Dynasty anarchism began to hold sway over Chinese intellectuals, and their enthusiasm for it lingered on throughout the early Republican years. Did anarchist ideas such as anti-institutionalism, women's liberation, free love, and the utopian vision of a society characterized by freedom and equality leave any decisive marks on the form and content of May Fourth literature? Starting from this perspective, I use Ba Jin's ”Turbulent Stream, A Trilogy (激流三部曲, 1931)” as an example to see how this work might have reflected the writer's anarchist tendency. Does it leave any traces in the characterization, plot, and formal aspects of the trilogy? The main characteristics of ”Turbulent Stream” include symbolic personalities, the juxtaposition between good and evil, a narrator with a biased stance, didactic language, the awakening of the consciousness of the repressed classes (especially women), the hatred of the present world, and the yearning for a better society. These features can help us understand better the utopianism in May Fourth literature. To see how ”Turbulent Stream” may have reflected Ba Jin's anarchist utopianism, I compare it with the classics of anarchism such as Kropotkin's works, the famous play ”Am Vorabend (1907)”, and Emma Goldman's articles on womeu's liberation. The end of my study discusses why ”Turbulent Stream” has been considered ”nonrealistic” by critics insisting on the realistic reading of May Fourth literature. The main reason is that instead of objectively representing the present world, works like ”Turbulent Stream” criticize it from the writers' subjective viewpoints. And Marxist critics' relentless criticism of ”Turbulent Stream” reveals that the spirit of freedom and equality expressed by the work is a strong threat to Marxism.