元代《春秋》科試議題研究－以「試題類型」、「程文答卷」與「許用胡《傳》」為核心

Issues in the Yuan Dynasty Imperial Examinations: Types of Questions, Answer Templates, and the Regulation Allowing the Use of Chunqiu Hu shi zhuan

陳威睿(CHEN Wei-ruei)

《中國文哲研究集刊》 60期 (2022/03) Pp. 137-177

摘要

元代科舉程式採用宋儒胡安國的《春秋傳》，與三《傳》同時成為《春秋》一科取士的標準。論者往往標舉此一事件，作為舉業之學與當時學術思潮相互關涉的證明。可惜在元代考試題目與諸生答卷殘佚不全的限制下，相關研究成果止於揭櫫胡《傳》地位得到提昇的結論，卻無法深究元代科舉中胡《傳》影響力的發展進程。本文以《元大科三場文選》為主要討論對象，輔以日本靜嘉堂文庫所藏《新刊類編歷舉三場文選》所收錄的程文，透過新文獻分析元代《春秋》一科的試題類型、考官批語與程文答卷，窺見元代《春秋》科考所反映的議題及學術傾向。另一方面，也借助不同時間段落的程文答卷及考官評判，探討科詔「許用三《傳》及胡氏《傳》」規則的演變，最終形成以胡《傳》為主的群體共識。

關鍵字

元代科舉 ； 科考程文 ； 胡安國 ； 經疑

並列摘要

During the Yuan Dynasty, the Chunqiu Hu shi zhuan was included in texts approved for the imperial examination, and it subsequently became the exam standard for the Chunqiu examination, as well as for the Zuozhuan, Gongyang zhuan, and Guliang zhuan. Therefore, when discussing the relation between the Chunqiu and the imperial examination, most scholars considered that because Chunqiu Hu shi zhuan was the exam standard for the Yuan Dynasty, the status of this book must have been promoted. However, due to missing or incomplete materials, previous scholarship could not clearly grasp the relation between Chunqiu Hu shi zhuan and the imperial examination during the Yuan Dynasty. Now, with the newly available texts Yuan da ke san chang wen xuan and Xin kan lei bian li ju san chang wun xuan, which record the imperial examination questions, answer templates, and comments from the examiners, scholars are better able to understand this relationship. Information in these two books clarifies various issues regarding the imperial examination in the Yuan Dynasty. Moreover, we can see how the examination rules allowing the use of both the three canonical commentaries and the Chunqiu Hu shi zhuan finally shifted to mainly relying on Chunqiu Hu shi zhuan.

並列關鍵字

Yuan Dynasty imperial examinations ； answer templates for imperial examinations ； Hu Anguo ； Jing yi

參考文獻

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