郭明如《新編詔誥章表機要》探析－兼論金、元科場公文的出題與備考

A Study on Guo Ming Ru's Xin Bian Zhao Gao Zhang Biao Ji Yao-Includes Discussion on the Examination Questions and Preparation for Official Documents Test in the Jin-Yuan Imperial Examinations

侯美珍(HO, MEI-CHEN)

《國文學報》 67期 (2020/06) Pp. 113-146

https://doi.org/10.6239/BOC.202006_(67).05

摘要

郭明如所編《新編詔誥章表機要》，是一部為考生編寫的科舉用書，乃針對公文考試而設，且於元代至正初年經劉瑾增廣成《新編詔誥章表事文擬題》、《新編詔誥章表事實》。而編者郭明如其人生平無可考，生卒年不詳，因此，其人、其書之纂刻時代遂有異議，或認定是金人、金刻本，或以為是元人、元刻本；對此書所纂內容的詮釋，亦有可商榷處。本論文立足於前人研究基礎上，參《新編詔誥章表機要》編纂之凡例、內容，佐以金、元公文考試之制度、試題、備考之分析，主張《新編詔誥章表機要》乃纂擬漢、唐史事中可作為詔、誥、表公文考題者，附以相關史料而編成之科舉用書，非金代科場所適用，應是元人所編，為元代公文考試備考用書。

關鍵字

《新編詔誥章表機要》 ； 《新編詔誥章表事文擬題》 ； 《新編詔誥章表事實》 ； 郭明如 ； 劉瑾 ； 科舉 ； 公文考試

並列摘要

Xin Bian Zhao Gao Zhang Biao Ji Yao complied by Guo Min Ru was a preparation book for the examinees who were taking imperial examinations. In the Yuan dynasty, Liu Jin augmented it into two books, Xin Bian Zhao Go Zhang Biao Shi Wen Ni Ti and Xin Bian Zhao Gao Zhang Biao Shi Shi. The original editor, Guo Ming Ru's life and death year remained unknown; hence what year of this block-printed book published was disputed over which dynasty--Jin or Yuan the editor and this book belonged to. This research is based on related studies and adopts the examples and contents from Xin Bian Zhao Gao Zhang Biao Ji Yao as a study scope to analyze the system, exam questions and preparation of the Jin-Yuan official document test. This study finds out many evidences supporting this book was compiled with the history of the Han-Tang, and was completed as a preparation book for official document test, whose content wasn't applicable for the Jin imperial examinations. Hence, it was compiled by the Yuan citizen for taking the official document test in the Yuan imperial examinations.

並列關鍵字

Xin Bian Zhao Gao Zhang Biao Ji Yao ； Xin Bian Zhao Go Zhang Biao Shi Wen Ni Ti ； Xin Bian Zhao Gao Zhang Biao Shi Shi ； Guo Ming Ru ； Liu Jin ； Imperial Examination ； Official Document Test

參考文獻

侯美珍HO, MEI-CHEN：〈明代鄉會試詔誥表公文考試析論〉“A Study on Government Documents of Zhao, Gao, Biao of the Provincial Exam and the Capital Exams”，《國文學報》Bulletin of Chinese第62期（2017年12月），頁125–158。

侯美珍HO, MEI-CHEN：〈元代科舉三場考試偏重之探論〉“Three Tests in Eight-legged Essay Composition: A Study on Its Ascendance in the Yuan Imperial Examinations”，《國文學報》Bulletin of Chinese第63期（2018年6月），頁171–202。

漢‧班固 BAN, GU：《漢書》Book of Han（臺北Taipei：鼎文書局Ting Wen Co., Ltd.，1978年）。

南朝‧范曄 FAN, YE：《後漢書》Book of the Later Han（臺北Taipei：鼎文書局Ting Wen Co., Ltd.，1977年）。

五代‧劉昫LIU, XU等撰：《舊唐書》Old History of the Tang（臺北Taipei：鼎文書局Ting Wen Co., Ltd.，1976年）。