以戶口普查資料分析運輸需求空間結構分布的變遷

An Analysis of the Changes in Spatial Structure for Travel Demand Based on Census Data

許添本(Tien-Pen Hsu) ； 吳佩蓉(Pei-Rong Wu)

《運輸計劃季刊》 42卷1期 (2013/03) Pp. 17-38

摘要

因經濟快速成長、產業結構轉型所帶來人口聚集、區域發展失衡等現象，近年來已成為各國政府普遍重視的議題。臺灣過去因為經濟迅速成長，國民所得與消費能力增加，致使機動車輛需求日增，民眾機動力大幅提升，產生多面向的改變。這些改變均直接、間接地造成人口遷徙、居住與產業設置區位空間結構重新分配。為了解臺灣地區就業人口工作旅次空間結構集散變化趨勢及通勤行為變化情形，本研究利了解用民國79年、89年戶口及住宅普查原始資料進行分析。採用熵值與吉尼係數作為衡量空間結構集散變化的指標，同時利用相對落差分析，進一步探討造成分布集中化的原因及群體，以釐清造成分布不均的問題癥結所在，希望能夠提供政府相關單位作為政策規畫制訂標的對象之參考依據，以消弭區域發展差距，達到區域均衡發展的目標。研究結果顯示：臺灣地區在此一期間整體就業人口工作旅次的空間結構分布呈集中趨勢，居住地點與工作地點位於同一鄉鎮之在地就業工作旅次所占比例增加且工作旅次通勤距離減少。

關鍵字

熵 ； 吉尼係數 ； 空間分布 ； 戶口及住宅普查

並列摘要

Population accumulation and regional disparity caused by rapid economic growth and industrial transformation have become more and more important issues all over the world in recent years. The fast economic growth in Taiwan led to increases in various aspects: the national income, purchasing power, demand for motor vehicles, and consequently the mobility of citizens. All of these changes directly or indirectly caused migration, relocation of residential and industrial areas, and spatial restructuring. This paper analyzed the original population and housing census data in 1990 and 2000, to explore the trend of changes in spatial diffusion and centrality due to working trips among the working population as well as the changes of commuting behavior. Entropy and Gini coefficient were used as indicators to measure the spatial structure changes. Furthermore, relative divide was used to investigate the reasons and groups that caused the centralization and verify the causes of disparity. The aim was to provide references for related government agencies in formulating policies and setting targets. This information helped to reduce the development gap and achieve the goal of balanced regional development.The results revealed a trend of centrality of the spatial changes due to working trips among the total working population in Taiwan from 1990 to 2000. In addition, the proportion of working trips increased and commuting distance became shorter when workers reside and work in the same township.

並列關鍵字

Entropy ； Gini coefficient ； Spatial distribution ； Population and housing census

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