LNG燃料船用於臺灣近海航運之環境效益分析

THE ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF LNG-FUELED SHIP FOR OFFSHORE SHIPPING IN TAIWAN

張瀞之(Ching-Chih Chang) ； 鄭惠方(Hui-Fang Cheng)

《運輸計劃季刊》 46卷2期 (2017/06) Pp. 141-164

摘要

現今海運已成為國際間運輸的主流，全球貿易有90%都透過海上運輸。然而大部分的商用船舶多使用重油為燃料，造成大量環境汙染。船舶運輸產生的SO_x，NO_x及CO_(2e)排放量分別占全球的12%，13%，2.8%，對於環境的影響衝擊甚大。液化天然氣（LNG）因具有環保、安全性高且符合國際排放量標準，在國際上已成為船舶替代燃料的最佳選擇。因此，本研究探討臺灣區域兩岸及近海5艘營運中的客貨滾裝船，以EPA及洛杉磯港模型導出船舶以LNG替代傳統燃料對環境影響之差異，並以SO_x及NO_x每延噸海浬排放量進行載運率與排放量之情境分析。實證分析結果為，不論以EPA模型推估或是以洛杉磯港模型推估，以LNG替代傳統燃料，SO_x排放量將降低90%以上，NO_x排放量將降低70%以上，CO_2排放量將降低13%以上，顯示出LNG對於降低環境汙染確有明顯效益。在情境分析中，研究結果得出，以航線類型區分，應以兩岸航線優先推動LNG較具效益；若以船舶類型區分，應以傳統船優先推動LNG較具效益。

關鍵字

重油 ； 二氧化硫 ； LNG ； 客貨滾装船 ； 兩岸航線

並列摘要

Today, maritime transport has become an international mainstream. 90% of global trade depends on maritime transport, but most of the merchant vessels use Heavy Fuel Oils (HFO_s) for ship propulsion, causing heavy environmental pollution-The contribution of ships to global emissions can be indicated as being in the following: sulfur oxides (SO_x), 12%; nitrogen oxides (NO_x), 13%; carbon dioxide equivalent (CO_(2e)), 2.8%. Liquefied natural gas (LNG), due to environmental friendly, safely and meet international emissions standards, has become the best choice for ship alternative fuel. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to analyse five offshore ships which operating in Taiwan, and to explore the environmental influences of using LNG alternative to traditional fuels by EPA and PLOA models, and further to carry on scenario analysis of SOX and NOX emissions of per ton-miles. Results show that LNG leads to a reduction of 90% SOX emissions and 70% NOX emissions and 10% CO_2 emissions in at least both modes. In scenario analysis, results show that in order to distinguish the type of route, the cross-strait routes should be a priority to promote LNG fuel; in order to distinguish the type of ship, traditional vessels should be a priority to promote the LNG fuel.

並列關鍵字

Heavy fuel oils (HFO_s) ； Sulfur oxides (SO_x) ； Liquefied natural gas (LNG) ； Offshore ships ； The Cross-Strait routes

參考文獻

International Maritime Organization, “Third IMO GHG Study 2014 Final Report”, http://www.imo.org, 2015.

DNV.GL, “LNG as Ship Fuel: A Focus on the Current and Future Use of LNG as Fuel in Shipping”, https://www.dnvgl.com/maritime/lng/ships.html, 2015.

Lloyd's Register, “Global Marine Fuel Trends 2030”, http://www.lr.org/en/_images/213-34172_Global_Marine_Fuel_Trends_2030, 2015.

Jerzy, H., “Consequences of Using LNG as a Marine Fuel”, Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2013, pp. 159-166.

交通部，「航政業務採用國際公約資訊」，http://www.motc.gov.tw，民國104 年。