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摘要


高速公路進口匝道車流併入主線處,車流因需進行較密集車道變換,因而常導致車道速率變異大、亂流遞移,以及容量下降等現象。過去研究大多採用偵測器資料或路側攝影機進行現場調查,因受限於資料蒐集的困難度高,且傳統資料型態尚無法充分了解匝道匯流區內細緻的車流運作特性,因此本研究嘗試採用無人機進行空中拍攝,以俯視角度觀察整個匯流區內的車流互動現象,並進一步採用電腦視覺技術進行影像辨識,產生車流軌跡及車流特性資料。本研究以臺灣中山高速公路主線3車道的進口匝道匯流區為對象,經由六個調查地點之資料蒐集與分析結果發現,發現車流崩潰前最大5分鐘流率之對等小時流量介於5,700~5,950小車/小時之間;而發生車流崩潰前最大15分鐘流率之對等小時流量介於5,500~5,810小車/小時之間,兩者均較2011年臺灣容量手冊定義之建議容量值為低。此外,在順暢車流下,主線外側車道之使用率最低,在壅塞車流時,各車道之使用率會較接近;當進口匝道流率較大時,主線車流使用內側車道的比例會提高,故車道分布比例也可能會受匝道流率之影響。為進一步洞悉進口匝道匯流區段車流運作績效最差的位置,本研究以50公尺為單位,將匯流區段切劃成若干網格進行時間與空間兩維度的車流特性分析,發現各調查地點的運作績效最差位置並不存在一致性,但大致上會發生在加速車道末端至其上游100公尺範圍之主線最外側車道,此為匯流區內速率最低、車道變換頻次較高之位置。本研究各項結果可供高速公路匝道匯流區容量分析之參考。

並列摘要


In the freeway system, traffic flow from the on-ramp merging to the mainline creates lane-changes and weaving, causing phenomena such as traffic turbulence propagation and capacity drop. Previous empirical studies using VD traffic data or road-side cameras are constrained by the data collection technologies, and the understanding of the traffic operation within the on-ramp merge area is still quite limited. In this study, we use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to observe the traffic flow from the top view. We further use computer vision technology to extract vehicle trajectory data from the video and generate traffic characteristics at the temporal and spatial dimensions. This study presents the traffic data collected from six different sites on Taiwan's freeway interchange with three mainline lanes. The result shows that the maximum pre-breakdown flow rate over at 5-minute intervals is between 5,700 and 5,950 pcu/hr, and the maximum pre-breakdown flow rate at 15-minute intervals is from 5,500 to 5,810 pcu/hr. These values are significantly lower than the recommended values given by the Taiwanese Highway Capacity Manual (THCM, 2011). Under non-congested traffic flow conditions, the outermost lane has the lowest usage rate, while under congested traffic flow conditions, the usage rates among lanes are closer to each other. If the on-ramp has a higher flow rate, mainline traffic has a higher proportion to use the inner lanes, showing that the lane usage ratios are affected by the ramp traffic flow. To investigate the critical point of the merge area, which is the position with the worst operational performance, we divide the merge area into 50-meter cells and determine the spatial traffic characteristics. It is found that the critical points of the study sites are not at the same position, but in general it is somewhere between the end of the acceleration lane and its 100-meter upstream on the outermost lane, where the speed is the lowest and the lane change frequency is concentrated. The result of this study can be used for the development of capacity analysis methodology for the freeway ramp merge areas.

參考文獻


交通部運輸研究所,2011 年臺灣公路容量手冊,民國 100 年。
交通部運輸研究所,高速公路上匝道路段交通特性資料收集,民國 85 年。
交通部運輸研究所,都市快速道路與高速公路進口匝道車流特性之研究,民國 88 年。
黃家耀、林貴璽、溫雲晨、廖晉毅、張舜淵、歐陽恬恬,「無人機交通調查系統及其交通調查方法」,中華民國專利 (提出申請中),民國 109 年。
Transportation Research Board(TRB), Highway Capacity Manual, 6th edition. Washington DC, 2016.

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