This paper presents a brief introduction towards the issues of robot navigation, including map building, localization, and path planning. Among all the existing contributions, Iterative Closest Point (ICP), Monte Carlo localization, and various path planning algorithms are first reviewed and subsequently revised in this paper to propose enhanced versions of the algorithms to improve their performance. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches, several experiments are conducted and illustrated in details. Through the proposed algorithms, implementation can be made to achieve the objective of autonomous navigation for mobile robots. It is also hoped that new navigation methods with further improvements can be introduced on the basis of the techniques revealed in this paper.