綠基盤因應氣候變遷之綜效、權衡與共效益初探：以臺北都會區為例

都市地區具有高度人口與經濟活動集中的特性，故受到氣候變遷與極端氣候衝擊所帶來的災損風險相對較高，都市綠基盤能提供多種生態系統服務，除了能因應氣候變遷的減緩與調適之外，亦能帶來許多氣候變遷目標以外的共效益。本研究首先回顧綜效、權衡與共效益過去在綠基盤相關研究中的概念類型。其次，盤點臺北都會區綠基盤從1981年至2015年間的變遷情形，並針對都市發展密集的核心區域進行降尺度分析；最後，藉由專家問卷界定出臺北都會區綠基盤所能提供的較為重要之調節氣候變遷主效益、共效益，並進一步將主效益與共效益皆視為綠基盤提供之生態系統服務下，分析這些生態系統服務間的綜效、權衡關係。研究發現，在外圍林地規模維持得宜下，綠基盤佔臺北都會區整體面積比例由81.12%小幅流失至78.22%，但在都市化程度較高的臺北都會區核心區域，綠基盤流失幅度超過一成，農地轉用建地是綠基盤流失最主要的類型。在透過專家問卷調查後，發現「透過植物截留與透水鋪面入滲，減少地表逕流」是綠基盤在臺北都會區最重要的調節氣候變遷主效益，而綠基盤對文化服務產生的共效益程度相較於其他三種生態系統服務類別而言是較高的。若將主效益與共效益皆視為綠基盤提供之生態系統服務時，綠基盤之生態系統服務間的綜效效果遠多過權衡關係，其中「透過植物截留與透水鋪面入滲，減少地表逕流」（同時也是專家學者認定最重要之氣候變遷主效益），對「本土物種棲地提供」、「景觀美質與居住品質」等生態系統服務項目皆產生綜效。對都市層級政府而言，在推行氣候政策時若能強調市民日常生活有感的共效益，則其政策的實施就會較容易爭取到民眾支持與配合，且除了達成氣候變遷減緩與調適外，也能夠同時促成都市對於其他目標的達成。

關鍵字

綠基盤；氣候變遷；綜效；權衡；共效益；生態系統服務

並列摘要

Urban areas are at particularly high risk from the impacts of climate change and extreme weather events due to the spatial concentration of people and economic activities. To understand better the climate benefits and co-benefits provided by green infrastructure in response to climate change in the Taipei Metropolitan Area, this study reviews the concepts of synergy, trade-offs and co-benefits in the literature related to green infrastructure, and also collects and organizes the existing research on the climate benefits of green infrastructure in Taiwan. The changes in green infrastructure from 1981 to 2015 are analyzed. An expert questionnaire is adopted to identify the synergies, trade-offs and co-benefits of the Taipei Metropolitan Area's green infrastructure in response to climate change. Analytical results show hat green infrastructure covered around 81.12% of the territory of the Taipei Metropolitan Area in 1981 and has since slightly decreased to a coverage of 78.22% in 2015. However, the total area of green infrastructure decreased by more than 10% in the highly urbanized core areas within the Taipei Metropolitan Area. The questionnaire results indicate that "runoff reduction due to interception and infiltration effects" is the most important benefit arising from the regulation of climate change through the installation of green infrastructure in the Taipei Metropolitan Area. The co-benefits of green infrastructure in addressing climate change given the effects on cultural services are greater than other categories of ecosystem services. Besides "runoff reduction due to interception and infiltration effects", the main additional climate benefits provided by green infrastructure in the Taipei Metropolitan Area are synergy effects, which "provide habitat for native species" and enhance "aesthetics and quality of life." The research suggests that governments should emphasize the co-benefits of those climate actions and make them evident in the daily lives of citizens to increase support for government action on climate change, thus enabling governments to perform climate mitigation and adaptation agendas while achieving other significant objectives.

並列關鍵字

Green Infrastructure ； Climate Change ； Synergy ； Trade-offs ； Co-benefit ； Ecosystem Services

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