美國反托拉斯立法目標的研究

莊春發

《經濟研究》 33卷2期 (1995/06) Pp. 71-101

摘要

經濟效率是反托拉斯立法的中心目標，但其他社會與政治的非經濟目標也屬於立法目標之一，在學界似乎已取得共識。反托拉斯立法的保護法益，是以配置效率爲主或以消費者福利爲對象，實務上則仍未有一致的結論。即使同意以經濟效率爲主目標，反托拉斯立法保護的法益，仍有短期配置效率目標，和長期生產效率目標的爭議。
配置效率與消費者福利目標的爭論，造成相同的企業行爲、如合併，用不同標準衡量，將有合法與不合法的顯著差異結果。同樣的，短期與長期不同目標的爭論，則影響反托拉斯執法的方向。

並列摘要

Achieveing economic efficiency is one of the central goals of antitrust legislations. On the other hand social and political, noneconomics goals are also part of the legislative consideration. Antitrust scholars already reach the consencus on this. However, whether the benefit protected by the antitrust law is allocative efficiency or is the consumer welfare, antitrust experiences have not yet reached any consensus. Although everyone agrees that achieveing economic efficiency is the main purpose of antitrust legislations, the debate whether the purpose pursued is short-run allocative efficiency or long-run production efficiency remains.
The argument regarding the purpose of antitrust legislations might cause the similar behaviors, for instance merger cases, be treated differently i.e, may sometimes be held illegal and sometimes legal just because of applying different standards to the cases. And similarly, the short-run and the long-run debate of antitrust goals also effect the direction of the antitrust enforcement.