- 學位論文
從受管制事物的特性觀察我國通訊傳播管制的合理性—以通訊傳播基本法為中心
From the Characteristics of Regulated Objects to Discuss the Rationality of Communication Regulation in Taiwan －Focusing on the Communication Fundamental Act
摘要
檢討行政管制的實質內容時，不論是透過民主正當性或合法性，架構上都有過大之嫌。因此，必須透過合理性的分析，才能觀察到實質的意涵。行政管制的合理性，可以從違憲審查的合理性基準發展的背景觀察，大量複雜的經濟事務，需要透過政治部門的專業性與即時性回應，因此，當不涉及基本權利時，只要政治部門做出管制目的與手段的說明，司法部門便以合理性審查基準看待並加以尊重。換言之，合理性審查基準發展自各個權力部門的功能與互動。進一步可以推論出討論合理性的實益：第一，政治部門充分說明立法事實並非恣意或不合理後，司法部門才有加以尊重的基礎；第二，即便司法部門尊重政治部門的決定，依舊不可放棄權力制衡，故從司法控制轉向行政內部控制，如成本效益分析；第三，充分理解管制的目的與手段的關係，才能準確理解管制政策，正確解釋與適用規範，避免僅透過文義解釋而誤解規範意涵。既然合理性代表著尊重政治部門的決定，則政治部門如何管制，有必要作充分的說明：說明時包括「議題」、「管制目的」與「管制手段」等面向，但具體的目的與手段，必須以具體領域說明，質言之，取向於受管制事物的特性。 「通訊傳播」意在描述資訊交換的過程，目前的管制架構企圖從既有的垂直架構走向水平化。通訊傳播基本法並揭示以「功能」作為理解受管制事物的取向，本文將透過「層級模式」解釋如何透過功能來理解通訊傳播活動。層級模式是簡單清晰的通訊傳播管制分析工具，各層級有其特有的管制議題，藉此可以分析該層級內的管制作為是否合乎「目的－手段」合理性。而層級模式的精神，在於確保言論的開放與創新。因此，各個層級的管制密度將視其與「內容」管制的關聯性，區分管制密度。從整合NCC為單一機關以追求效率與效能開始，通訊傳播管制有其固有的經濟性與非經濟性的管制議題，分佈在不同層級中，透過引導性與結構性的管制，促使多元的言論得以透過各種不同的管道傳遞，才是通訊傳播管制最重要的目的。換言之，通訊傳播基本法公布實行以後，是各種層級中的管制其相關法規解釋與適用時的原則，但是否各個手段得以合乎管制目的，都有必要被重新檢討，檢討的目的，除了強化解釋與適用的準確性外，更可以聚焦問題所在。
並列摘要
This paper contains a discussion about the rationality of administration and communication. The question lies within how we evaluate purposes and methods in the process of regulation. We use some points to check how to complete the task in a rational way. In the system of constitutional law, each part of it needs to take responsibility for its ability. This is why we discuss the rationality of regulation. It is nothing but a straight way to make sure the accurate law and policy of administration. After the Communication Fundamental Act, the characteristics of the regulated objects are changed. Therefore, we will adopt the different way to explain the activity in the communication, and the layer model is the way. In layer model, each layer is an independent but connected. And we want to protect the content in the final. It is because the spirit of Internet is open and innovation, and the layer model is designed by the Internet. In this way, the issues of communication will be set in a clarified condition. Each issue of the communication regulation could be check in each layer with the rational standard. Because of all the regulations are existed to protect the freedom of speech, we will control all the structure regulations avoiding interfere the purpose. It is an important approach to protect democracy, and we will try to reflect the purpose in the interpretation of the Communication Fundamental Act.