高低學費差距對於大學教學與研究表現的影響

Impact of Tuition Fees on Teaching and Research Performance at Universities

涂光億(Kuang-I Tu)

《經濟研究》 48卷2期 (2012/07) Pp. 191-224

https://doi.org/10.29765/TEI.201207.0001

摘要

大學的目標是追求極大化教學與研究的整體表現，因此大學必須適當地將經費分配於教學與研究的活動上。而大學的主要的經費來源則為大學的學費收入與來自政府或其他機構的補助。因此，本文放寬 Del Rey（2001）的設定，假設兩所大學的學費與受到的補助可能不相同之下，探討大學間學費的差距如何影響大學教學與研究的總體表現。本文發現不論大學對於研究的重視程度如何，高學費的大學將會訂定較高的學生畢業標準，且大學收到的定額補助並不會影響兩所大學訂定的畢業標準、招生人數或是平均學生稟賦。其次，若大學間收到的補助差距不大，且大學均較重視研究表現時，低學費大學的教學與研究的整體表現會較高學費大學為優；然而，當大學重視研究的程度較低時，高學費大學的整體表現將會較優。最後，本文發現縮小大學間的學費差距可以縮小兩大學整體表現的差距，但卻會使原本表現較佳的大學的整體表現變差。

關鍵字

學費差異 ； 大學表現 ； 畢業標準 ； 學生稟賦

並列摘要

The goal of universities is to pursue an overall robust performance in research and teaching. Given that student tuition differentials exist between universities, this paper explores how student enrollment numbers and graduation standards can be employed to maximize a university's overall performance. We further explore the impact of lowering student tuitions' differential upon this overall performance. We find regardless of the degree offered that a university stresses research first, and those universities with higher tuition fees have established higher graduation standards. Fixed governmental subsidies do not impact the establishment of university graduation standards or recruitment figures, nor determine the intellectual endowment of the students. Second, when government subsidies are equivalent between two universities, then among the universities that stress research it is those schools which charge a lower tuition that tend to have superior overall performance. However, when schools do not stress research, then the schools charging higher tuition tend to have a superior overall performance. Lastly, this paper demonstrates that reducing the tuition differential between universities also cuts the overall performance differential of these universities. Nevertheless the tendency remains that schools which formerly enjoyed good overall performance tend to perform more poorly as time progresses.

並列關鍵字

Tuition Differential ； Universities' Performance ； Graduation Standards ； Student Intellectual Endowment

參考文獻

大紀元 The Epoch Times (2008a)，美國大學學費最便宜最貴都在加州Cheapest and Most Expensive Tuition is in California，http://epochtimes.com/b5/8/11/8/n2323423.htm。(in Chinese)

大紀元 The Epoch Times (2008b)，富比世評最貴大學，美 GWU 居首GWU Is Most Expensive，http://news.epochtimes.com.tw/9/2/11/105137.htm。 (in Chinese)

教育部教育經費分配審議委員會 Educational Grants Committee, Ministry of Education (2008)，教育部全球資訊網 Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan)，http://www.edu.tw/budget_list.aspx?site_content_sn=99。(in Chinese)

De Fraja, G.,Iossa, E.(2002).Competition among Universities and the Emergence of the Elite Institution.Bulletin of Economic Research.54(3),275-293.

Del Rey, E.(2001).Teaching versus Research: A Model of State University Competition.Journal of Urban Economics.49(2),356-373.