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能源效率之衡量及其與環境政策工具的關聯

Measurement of Energy Efficiency and Its Linkage to Environmental Policy Instruments

摘要


提升能源效率是減少溫室氣體排放議題中至為關鍵的策略之一,大多數國家都以能源生產力衡量總體層級的能源效率,在運用時未曾細究此一指標的經濟內涵與適用性,直至2008年12月的第十四屆締約國會議(Fourteenth Session of the Conference of the Parties, COP14)中,聯合國氣候變化綱要公約(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC)首度呼籲各國重視能源效率的衡量問題。本文指出,傳統的能源生產力指標因受多種與使用技術及配置效率無關之他種因素的影響,並不適合用做為衡量能源效率的指標,而只適合衡量為達特定實質國內生產毛額(gross domestic product, GDP)水準的能源成本有效性。本文也同時檢討技術效率及相關指標的問題,並提出一個新的能源效率指標,除可避免其他指標可能出現的不一致性問題之外,亦可反映缺乏效率的來源、以及廠商在不同環境政策工具下的能源效率差異,並用以評估外生變數變動對能源效率的影響。

並列摘要


Improving energy efficiency is one of the critical strategies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Energy productivity, as an indicator of energy efficiency, is pervasively used worldwide. However, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Fourteenth session of the Conference of the Parties (COP14) has noted that the economic meanings and suitability of this indicator need to be explored. This paper points out that the traditional energy productivity could measure only the cost effectiveness of energy in order to achieve a given level of real gross domestic product (GDP), but not the energy efficiency ”per se”. After critically reviewing a number of existing indicators, I propose a new one and show its difference from energy productivity and other indicators which may cause inconsistency between technical efficiency and cost efficiency. Furthermore, the origins of the inefficiency can be decomposed and in response to alternative environmental regimes.

參考文獻


行政院主計總處 Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (1993-2009),國民所得統計年報 National Income Statistics Yearbook,http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=15448&CtNode=4643。(in Chinese)
林盈均(2005)。能源使用效率之衡量與溫室氣體減量工具的影響。國立清華大學經濟系=Department of Economics, National Tsing Hua University。
陸怡蕙(2008)。效率改善與能源需求:動態生產模型之定性分析。農業經濟叢刊。13(2),81-98。
單珮玲(2010)。產業部門能源需求與碳排放之驅動力與效率的實證研究。國立政治大學財政學系=Department of Public Finance, National Chengchi University。
黃志典、黃智遠(2004)。台灣地區銀行產業成本效率之實證研究─隨機邊界法之應用。企銀季刊。27(3),1-28。

被引用紀錄


陳宏瑋(2013)。應用多元迴歸分析及無母數檢定於政府機關能耗分析〔碩士論文,國立臺北科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2013.00257
Yang, H. J. (2016). 探討臺灣農食鏈價值分配之研究 [master's thesis, National Taiwan University]. Airiti Library. https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201600707
楊晴雯(2012)。能源效率與部門減量成本分析:動態CGE模型的建置與應用〔博士論文,國立中央大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0031-1903201314455828
歐冠昕(2014)。台灣三大耗能產業能源效率變動趨勢分析 —能源生產力估計法之應用〔碩士論文,國立中央大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0031-0412201511575130

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