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效率改善與能源需求:動態生産模型之定性分析

Efficiency Improvements and Energy Demand: A Qualitative Analysis Based on the Dynamic Production Model

摘要


長期以來,經濟學家普遍認爲價格與所得是決定能源需求的主要因素,而這兩個因素確實也爲能源需求在1973至1985年高能源價格期間的價格反應提供了合理的解釋;但自1986年原油價格下跌之後,能源需求並未如經濟理論所預期的進行反向的調整。傳統的能源需求模型利用家計單位追求效用極大的問題來檢視能源使用對價格與所得的反應,在這樣的架構下,能源使用成爲一種引申的需求,而據此估算而得的彈性值自然具有對稱的性質(不論價格上升或下降,能源使用會以相同的幅度做相對應的調整),亦無法對1986年原油價格下跌後的能源需求反應提供一合理解釋。有鑑於此,晚近能源經濟文獻的一個主要發展方向是應用時間序列的計量模型來分析能源需求價格反應的非對稱性,或將重點放在效率改善與能源需求之間的關係,進行實證估計。這類研究的共通點是純粹讓資料說話而缺乏理論的支撐。本文的主要目的在利用動態生產模型的比較靜態與動態分析,重新評估效率改善對於能源需求的影響。由於動態生產模型能夠刻劃一個與跨期利潤現值總和極大化行爲一致的投資模式,因此,可以爲產業能源需求的研究提供一個體理論的支撐。

並列摘要


Traditional economic theory well explains the tremendous fuel substitution during the 12 years of high energy prices from the year 1973 to 1985, however, the observation that energy demand growth did not surge despite the much lower energy prices since 1986 remains an unsolved puzzle. The past literature has evolved around three key questions-is energy demand's price responsiveness reversible, how big is the rebound effect if it does exist, and can irreversible efficiency improvement better describe the irreversibility of energy demand. Digressing from the questions raised in the literature, this study attempts to provide a theoretical justification for the observation of the rebound effect. Built on the intertemporal optimization framework, the present study constructs a theoretical model capable of examining the effect of energy efficiency improvements on energy consumption. Comparative statics and dynamics analyses of a simplified dynamic production model suggest the existence of the rebound effect is actually in line with firms' intertemporal optimization behavior.

參考文獻


蔡攀龍(1996)。經濟學數學方法導論(動態分析)。台灣:茂昌圖書有限公司。
Blanchard, O. J.(1981).Output, the Stock Market, and Interest Rates.American Economic Review.71,132-143.
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Cooper, R. J.,K. McLaren(1980).Atemporal, Temporal and Intertemporal Duality in Consumer Theory.International Economic Review.21,599-609.
Cooper, R. J.,K. McLaren(1993).Approaches to the Solution of Intertemporal Consumer Demand Models.Australian Economic Papers.32,20-39.

被引用紀錄


楊晴雯(2012)。能源效率與部門減量成本分析:動態CGE模型的建置與應用〔博士論文,國立中央大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0031-1903201314455828

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