公用事業最低收費標準“基本度”的缺失與改良

Minimal Charge versus Minimal Purchase in Public Utility Pricing

施俊吉(Jun-Ji Shih)

《經濟論文》 34卷2期 (2006/06) Pp. 191-212

https://doi.org/10.29628/AEP.200606.0002

摘要

公用事業的最低收費標準有採「基本費」者，亦有採「基本度」者，例如：水費與電話費採「基本費制」，電費與天然瓦斯費採「基本度制」。這兩種收費標準中，「基本度」的爭議特多。因此，立基院曾經函請行政院改革「基本度制」，其所持的理由是：照「基本度」收費，用戶就會設法耗盡全部的「基本度」，故「基本度」無疑是鼓勵資源浪費的制度。本文之分析顯示：「基本度」確實會導致資源浪費。準此，本文設計了一套「基本度」的改良方案，這項方案能減少資源浪費，並能提升用戶的福利水準。

關鍵字

非線性訂價 ； 基本度 ； 基本費

並列摘要

In public utilities pricing, there are two types of minimal charges. One is to set an initial fixed fee, for example the water fees and telephone fees; the other is to impose a minimal purchase requirement, such as the case in electric and gas fees. The latter has caused a huge controversy, and the Legislative Yuan has thus requested the Executive Yuan reform the minimal purchase scheme because it in effect encourages waste of resources, as users tend to use as much as the minimal purchase quantity. The analysis here shows that a minimal purchase requirement does lead to a waste of resources, while an initial fixed fee scheme does not. As such, an improved design for the minimal purchase requirement is presented here, which is able to reduce the waste of resources and enhance the welfare of users.

並列關鍵字

Nonlinear pricing ； Minimal charge ； Minimal purchase requirement

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