Philosophy, Sociology, and the Intelligentsia: Hannah Arendt's Encounter with Karl Mannheim and the Sociology of Knowledge

哲學、社會學與知識份子：當漢娜•鄂蘭遇上曼海姆與知識社會學

彼得•貝爾(Peter Baehr)

《人文及社會科學集刊》 19卷3期 (2007/09) Pp. 341-373

https://doi.org/10.6350/JSSP.200709.0341

摘要

本文將檢視漢娜•鄂蘭(Hannah Arendt)對《意識型態與烏托邦》(Ideology and Utopia)-即曼海姆(Karl Mannheim)藉以倡議知識社會學(sociology of knowledge)的基本論據－的評價。本文將描述這場遭遇的背景與內容，並考察其中某些與鄂蘭後期思想有關的意涵。
從長程的視角出發，鄂蘭年輕時與知識社會學的交鋒顯得極為重要。首先，這是她唯一一次直接處理重要的社會學作品。其次，鄂蘭對曼海姆的評論預示了她後來對馬克思主義社會學式的「揭露」(unmasking)策略的厭惡，並且預示了她對「功能論」的反感。鄂蘭流亡至美國後，便開始大力批判社會學，宣稱社會學的研究取徑是「糟糕」的，且社會學的範疇有系統地歪曲了極權主義的經驗。

關鍵字

鄂蘭 ； 曼海姆 ； 知識社會學 ； 知識份子 ； 極權主義

並列摘要

This essay examines Hannah Arendt's appraisal of Ideology and Utopia, Karl Mannheim's foundational argument for the sociology of knowledge. It describes the background and content of this encounter, and explores some of its implications for Arendt's later thought.
Seen from an elongated perspective, Arendt's youthful collision with the sociology of knowledge assumes greater significance. First, it comprised her only explicit encounter with a major sociological work. Second, Arendt's review of Mannheim is significant in prefiguring her aversion to the Marxist-sociological stratagem of ”unmasking,” and her contempt for of what she called ”functionalism”. After Arendt's exile in America she would subject sociology to intensive criticism, claiming that its approach was ”abominable” and that its categories systematically falsified the experience of totalitarianism.

並列關鍵字

Hannah Arendt ； Karl Mannheim ； sociology of knowledge ； intelligentsia ； totalitarianism