台灣失業保險制度對失業期間的影響

1999年起台灣實施失業保險制度，本文探討該制度對於非意願失業勞工的失業期間是否有顯著的影響。使用2001年勞委會「失業勞工追蹤調查」資料，利用「間斷時間機率模型」進行迴歸分析。除了在模型中控制個人面的個人特性與總體面的景氣變化之外，我們針對失業給付的各個面向，探討其對個人尋職行為的影響。迴歸結果顯示：勞工於失業給付「請領期間」並未降低尋職的意願，反而因為失業者搜尋工作的經濟資源增加，提高再就業機率。然而，當失業期間加長時，失業給付所帶與資源增加的效果減弱，再就業機率提高的效果也減弱。另外，「替代率」愈高，失業給付愈優厚，也有助於工作搜尋，提高再就業機率。若再納入「到期日效果」與「剩餘月數效果」，結果顯示失業樣本並不因為請領給付逐漸到期的經濟壓力而增加工作搜尋，一直到請領結束當月或下一個月份才願意開始工作。

關鍵字

失業給付；失業期間；再就業機率；間斷時間機率模型

並列摘要

The first unemployment benefit system, designed for the involuntarily unemployed workers in Taiwan, was established in 1999. This paper discusses the effects of the unemployment benefits on the unemployment duration. A discrete-time hazard model is applied to the survey data of the ”Tracing Survey on the Employment of Unemployed Labor.” In addition to personal characteristics and time-varying business cycle indicators, in the regression we measure the effects of unemployment benefits on search intensities from several dimensions. The empirical results show that the unemployed have a higher reemployment rate during the periods when they receive benefits. This suggests that the unemployed increase their search intensities in response to more resources. The increase in the reemployment rate, though, diminishes with an increase in unemployment duration. Furthermore, when the replacement ratio is raised and resources are increased, it helps the unemployed workers to search for and find jobs. However, the reemployment hazard does not increase as the individuals get closer to the time when the benefits lapse, though new job acceptances increase around the time of the benefits exhaustion.