性別偏好與出生排序效果：重新檢視台灣家戶對子女教育資源之配置

Son Preference and Birth-Order Effects: Re-Investigating Household Resource Allocations in Education among Children in Taiwan's Families

魯慧中(Huei-Chung Lu)

《經濟論文叢刊》 45卷4期 (2017/12) Pp. 579-637

https://doi.org/10.6277/TER.201712_45(4).0003

摘要

本文利用「華人家庭動態資料庫」的合併樣本，以Ejrnæs and Pörtner(2004) 所提出之「固定效果下有序羅吉特模型」進行「性別偏好」與「出生排序」的實證分析。我們發現「重男輕女」普遍存在於當時的台灣社會，且外省籍家庭「重男輕女」的程度並非所有族群中最輕微的。出生排序越後面子女的教育程度會越高，但是出生排序越後面的兒子與女兒間之教育成就差異則較低。前後手足的生育間隔對於該子女的教育成就具有「非對稱效果」：與相鄰兄姐的生育間隔愈大，愈有利於該子女的教育成就；與相鄰弟妹的生育間隔愈大，反而對該子女的教育成就有不利的影響。最後，雙胞胎的身份會降低該子女的教育成就。

關鍵字

性別偏好 ； 出生排序 ； 固定效果下有序羅吉特模型

並列摘要

This research utilizes PSFD (Panel Survey of Family Dynamics) and conducts an empirical study on the ＂son preference＂ and ＂birth order＂ effects by using the ordered logit model with fixed effects proposed by Ejrnæs and Pörtner (2004). We find that, first of all, there is a significant son preference effect found when parents make their education investment on children. However, the sex inequality of the education investment of mainlander families is not the smallest among all ethnic families as claimed by the existing literature. Secondly, children with later birth orders are found to have higher educational achievements. Furthermore, the difference in educational achievement among sons is less than that among daughters; and thus the difference between sons and daughters is decreased when they are in later birth orders. We also find that birth spacing will also have an asymmetric effect on a child's educational achievement. A child who was born at a distant time to the adjacent older sibling tends to have a higher educational achievement; while his/her achievement shows a negative relation with the spacing to the next younger sibling. Finally, being one of twins may have an adverse effect on his/her educational achievement.

並列關鍵字

birth order ； son preference ； ordered logit with fixed effect

參考文獻

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吳慧瑛(2007), “家庭背景與教育成就: 五個出生世代的比較分析,” 《人口學刊》, 34, 109–143。(Wu, Huoying (2007), “Family Background and　Educational Achievement in Taiwan: Changing Trends in Five Cohorts,"　Journal of Population Studies, 34, 109–143)

林鶴玲與李香潔(1999), “台灣閩、客、外省族群家庭中之性別資源配置,”《人文及社會科學集刊》, 11, 475–528。(Lin, Holin and Hsiang-Chieh　Lee (1999), “The Crossroads of Ethnicity andGender: Intergenerational　Household Resource Allocation Strategies in Taiwan," Journal of Social　Sciences and Philosophy, 11, 475–528)