衛生教育介入對台灣籍、大陸籍與東南亞籍母親 育嬰知識及態度之影響

The Effects of Health Education Intervention on the Knowledge and the Attitude of Childrearing among Taiwanese, Chinese and Southeast Asian Immigrants Mothers

曾吾彬(Wu-Pin Tseng)

指導教授 ： 李金德

高雄醫學大學/健康科學院/醫務管理學研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2009年)

摘要

背景
近年來外籍配偶人數逐年增加，外籍母親的嬰兒出生數所佔比例，自民國87年佔當年嬰兒出生比率5.12%上升至民國96年的10.21%。如此高成長的結果，不得不引起社會的重視。外籍配偶的育嬰知識與態度也越顯重要；但目前仍鮮少討論外籍配偶對下一代育嬰知識與態度。基於上述原因，所以引發本研究動機。
目的
探討衛生教育介入對於台灣籍、大陸籍與東南亞籍母親育嬰知識與育嬰態度的影響。
方法
本研究屬於橫斷性研究，選取屏東縣鹽埔鄉的嬰幼兒母親為研究對象，並分為衛教介入組與對照組，配合問卷調查收集母親育嬰知識與育嬰態度資料。介入組並當場提供衛生教育，對照組則不提供任何介入措施。問卷內容包括人口學基本資料、母親的育嬰知識與育嬰態度。合計有效問卷共320份；其中台灣籍229位，大陸籍28位，東南亞籍63位。
結果
本研究母親的整體平均年齡為28.1歲，母親的整體平均受教育年數為11.1年，嬰兒排行，整體而言；排行第一佔最多。主要結果如下：
1. 母親的育嬰知識：東南亞籍母親育嬰知識低於台灣籍母親與大陸籍母親，特別在嬰兒飲食、生活習慣、意外事件、嬰兒發展等四個面向。母親年齡、自覺家庭花費越充足與嬰兒排行對於母親育嬰知識有正向影響，大陸籍對於母親育嬰知識總分有負向影響。
2. 母親的育嬰態度：東南亞籍母親育嬰態度低於台灣籍母親與大陸籍母親，特別在嬰兒飲食、生活習慣、意外事件、嬰兒發展等四個面向。母親年齡、嬰兒父親教育年數與嬰兒排行對於母親育嬰態度有正向影響，大陸籍對於母親育嬰態度有負向影響。
3. 衛生教育介入對於母親育嬰知識與育嬰態度的影響：衛生教育介入後之三組國籍母親育嬰知識與態度皆有顯著進步，以東南亞籍母親的進步幅度最大。
結論
提供適當的衛生教育可以改善大陸籍與東南亞籍母親育嬰知識與態度低於台灣籍母親的狀況，外籍配偶翻譯員協助進行衛生教育也顯示初步的成效。因此，衛生單位應增加翻譯員的配置並提供外籍配偶國籍文字版本的衛生教育資料，以提昇外籍母親的育嬰知識與態度。

關鍵字

育嬰知識 ； 育嬰態度 ； 台灣籍 ； 大陸籍 ； 東南亞籍 ； 衛生教育

並列摘要

Background
The number of Chinese and foreign immigrants mothers has been increased during recent years in Taiwan. From 1998 to 2007, the baby birth rate of Chinese and foreign immigrants mothers increased from 5.12％ to 10.21％. We may consider this as an important matter in our society due to such a high increase. The knowledge and attitude of childrearing among Chinese and foreign immigrants mothers become an important issue, but less has been discussed it. Hopefully this research will give deeper insight into this area.
Objective
This study aims to explore the effects of health education intervention on the knowledge and the attitude of childrearing among Taiwanese, Chinese and Southeast Asian immigrants mothers.
Methods
This research was conducted in Yan-Pu area and used cross-sectional design to examine the knowledge and the attitude of childrearing among mothers through structural questionnaire. These mothers were divided into the “intervention” and “controlled” group. The intervention group was provided with health education program while the controlled group was not provided with any intervention. The questionnaire contained basic demographic information, knowledge and attitude of childbearing. The total sample number was 320 cases which included 229 Taiwanese mothers, 28 Chinese mothers and 63 Southeast Asian immigrants mothers.
Results
The average of all these mothers was 28.1 years and average educational-year was 11.1 years. In addition, most of them had the first born child. Major research results were shown as following:
1. The childrearing knowledge: The Southeast Asian immigrants mothers scored less than Taiwanese and Chinese. The items with low scores in this category included diet, habit, accidence and infant’s development. Age, better family income and infant’s ranking were positive correlation with childrearing knowledge. Chinese, Southeast Asian immigrants mothers were negative correlation with childrearing knowledge.
2. The childrearing attitude: The Southeast Asian immigrants mothers scored less than Taiwanese and Chinese. The items with low scores in this category included diet, habit, accidence and infant’s development. Age, spouse’s education level and infant’s ranking were positive correlation with childrearing attitude. Chinese, Southeast and Asian immigrants mothers were negative correlation with childrearing attitude.
3. The effects of health education intervention: There were significant improvements on childrearing knowledge and attitude after the intervention of health education among these mothers, especially in Southeast Asian immigrants mothers.
Conclusion and suggestion
The Chinese and Southeast Asian immigrants mothers have poorer childrearing knowledge and attitude, it is necessary to provide health education intervention for them. In addition, the health center can provide the childrearing booklets in mother’s language and initiate the helping groups for Chinese and Southeast Asian immigrants mothers. Thus their knowledge and attitude of childrearing can be constructed.

並列關鍵字

childrearing knowledge ； childrearing attitude ； Taiwanese ； Chinese ； Southeast Asian immigrants ； health education intervention

參考文獻

【中文文獻】

于祖英(2001)。兒童保健。台北：匯華。

內政部(2008a)。內政部統計通報九十七年第三週。九十六年外籍配偶人數統計。民97年1月18日，取自http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/week/week9703.doc

內政部(2008b)。內政部統計通報九十七年第二十一週。九十六年新生嬰兒生母狀況分析。民97年5月20日，取自http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/week/week9721.doc

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