台灣外籍新娘之空間分析

Spatial Analysis of Foreign Brides in Taiwan

紀玉臨(Yu-Lin Chi) ； 周孟嫻(Meng-Sian Jhou) ； 謝雨生(Yeu-Sheng Hsieh)

《人口學刊》 38期 (2009/06) Pp. 67-113

https://doi.org/10.6191/jps.2009.3

摘要

1990年代起，有越來越多的台灣農村男性開始前往中國大陸、越南、印尼、菲律賓等地，尋求人生的另一半，而此可能正反映著臺灣發展過程下的城鄉不平等，所導致的當地適婚男女比例與婚配對象失衡現象。因此，本研究從空間分析的角度，探討地方脈絡結構性因素對台灣男性娶外籍配偶的影響。本文研究目的有三：(1)瞭解台灣外籍新娘的空間分佈型態，(2)分析台灣外籍配偶的空間分佈，是否受當地婚姻市場條件和地區社會經濟環境，如當地可婚配對象性別比、男性平均教育程度、人均所得等之影響，(3)探討台灣外籍新娘的空間分佈是否具有鄰近效應，且瞭解此鄰近效應是否會因外籍新娘國籍與該鄉鎮市人口密度而有所差異。本研究使用內政部2003年外籍與大陸配偶生活狀況調查的資料及內政部婚姻登記匯總資料，採用探索式空間資料分析與空間計量經濟方法進行分析。研究分析發現台灣外籍新娘的空間分佈有聚集現象，且集中於平地農村地區。當地婚姻市場可婚配性別比（男／女）越高，則娶中國大陸籍與東南亞籍新娘的比例越高；且新郎居住地鄉鎮市區之婚姻市場的社經條件越不利，如男性平均教育程度愈低或人均所得愈低，則娶中國大陸籍與東南亞籍新娘的比例也愈高。另外，娶中國大陸籍與東南亞籍新娘有正向的空間鄰近效應，娶其他國籍新娘則無空間鄰近效應。當同時考量異國籍與同國籍的空間鄰近效應時，對東南亞籍新娘而言，僅有同國籍的具有正向空間鄰近效應，異國籍則無此作用；對中國大陸籍新娘而言，同國籍具有正向的空間鄰近效應，而異國籍的卻具有負向的空間鄰近效應。最後，不同區域的外籍新娘之空間鄰近效果亦有差異，人口愈密集的地方，外籍新娘的空間鄰近效應愈強，其中，都會區空間鄰近效應最強，平地鄉鎮次之，山地鄉則無顯著的空間鄰近效應。

關鍵字

外籍新娘 ； 空間聚集 ； 鄰近效應 ； 空間分析 ； 時間延遲之空間模型

並列摘要

This study investigates the spatial pattern of foreign brides in Taiwan, examines how the local marriage market and socioeconomic conditions shape it, and explores the extent to which neighborhood effects exist in the spatial pattern of foreign brides. Using data from the 2003 Survey of Foreign and Mainland Spouses' Life Status, we employ exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial econometrics to reveal the spatial pattern and test six hypotheses. The results indicate that foreign brides cluster around the rural townships of plain areas. Also, local social-economic conditions and marriage market availability contribute to spatial variation in foreign bride rates in each spatially local area. Further, neighborhood effects domatter for the formation of spatial clusters of the Mainland Chinese brides and Southeast Asian brides in Taiwan. For Southeast Asian brides, only the brides with the same origin show a significantly positive spatial-temporal lag effect. On the contrary, while Mainland Chinese brides show a significantly positive spatial-temporal lag effect in the spatial pattern of marriage in Taiwan, Southeast Asian brides show a significantly negative spatial-temporal lag effect, indicating that proximity to townships that had higher proportions of Southeast Asian brides decreases the likelihood of marrying Mainland Chinese brides. Finally, the strength of neighborhood effects of foreign brides significantly varies by regions. The neighborhood effects are strongest for townships located in metropolitan areas. However, there is no evidence to support neighborhood effects for those in mountain areas.

並列關鍵字

foreign bride ； spatial clusters ； neighborhood effects ； spatial analysis ； spatial-temporal lag model

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