Nativity Differentials in Older Age Mortality in Taiwan: Do They Exist and Why?

臺灣老年死亡率的出生地差異分析

亞伯特．赫門林(Albert I. Hermalin) ； 瑪莉．貝絲．奧弗絲達爾(Mary Beth Ofstedal) ； 凱西．孫(Cathy Sun) ； 劉怡妏(I-Wen Liu)

《人口學刊》 39期 (2009/12) Pp. 1-58

https://doi.org/10.6191/jps.2009.5

摘要

本文旨在探討大陸來臺人士與臺灣人生命過程的不同經驗與狀況是否造成不同的死亡率風險，並且檢視死亡率風險之差異是否存在，以及這些差異之基本原因。移民與本國居民的比較研究已成為釐清健康與死亡率及兩者關係之日益重要的方法。臺灣在1949-1950年間歷經一次特殊的、超過一百萬人的移民。其大多數為年輕男性，在國共戰爭後從大陸撤退來臺。這些大陸撤退來臺人士具有幾項特性，與臺灣原本的移民相比，他們從更多元的大陸省份前來，受過更高的教育，且有特定的職業樣貌。臺灣自1950年歷經劇烈的人口轉型和快速的經濟發展，死亡率也因而下降。本研究由教育和出生地，分析在1990年年齡與特定成因的死亡率，並釐清各項因素的相對重要性。我們也使用時間序列的死亡率資料和調查資料，以解釋選擇、風險因素、以及健康與死亡率等其他動態的差異性。

關鍵字

死亡率差異 ； 出生地 ； 大陸來臺人士 ； 健康 ； 臺灣

並列摘要

Comparisons of migrants versus native populations have become increasingly important as a means of gaining insight into the factors affecting health and mortality levels and the relationship between them. Taiwan underwent a unique migration in 1949-50, as more than a million people, mostly young men, arrived from Mainland China following the Communist civil war victory. The Mainlanders were distinct from the original settlers in several ways: they represented different provinces in China, were better educated, and had distinct occupational profiles. Since 1950, Taiwan has experienced a rapid demographic transition and notable economic development, resulting in mortality decline. In this paper, we generate age- and cause-specific death rates circa 1990 by education and nativity to evaluate the relative importance of each factor. We also use longitudinal survey data to help interpret the differentials in terms of selection, risk factors, and other dynamics of health and mortality.

並列關鍵字

mortality differentials ； nativity ； Mainlanders ； health ； Taiwan

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