從虛擬到現實的身分認同：以東莞與華東臺商學校的畢業生為例

Memories of a Future Home: Teenagers from Taiwanese Schools in China

林平(Ping Lin)

《人口學刊》 46期 (2013/06) Pp. 1-45

https://doi.org/10.6191/jps.2013.1

摘要

大部分針對青少年移居者的研究是以境內少數族群的青少年為對象，認為他們在當地國生活與教育的經驗，會使他們在一定程度上融入主流社會，形成一個雖同時包含兩地，但以當地社會為主的身分認同。本文則是針對一群特殊的青少年，他們移居海外後並沒有進入當地的教育體系，而是在當地就讀依循母國教育體系的海外學校，進而討論這樣特殊的經驗對他們身分認同的影響。本文資料來自筆者2004－2005年於「東莞臺商子弟學校」與「華東臺商子女學校」兩地擔任兼任教師期間的觀察，以及2008－2012年期間持續資料收集，來討論當事人在兩校就學期間及畢業後身分認同的轉變。筆者發現，臺商學校成功發揮了臺灣「替代品」的角色，使當事人在就學期間都明顯表示認同臺灣。但是這種缺乏在臺灣實際生活經驗的身分認同，使他們在畢業後不論是返臺升學，或是留在中國大陸升學但短暫返臺，都很快的感到不適應，彷彿「僑生」般的失落與疏離。另一方面，他們在臺商學校及中國大陸的生活經驗，使他們原先以臺灣為標的之身分認同，逐漸轉變成一個以「臺商學校」（或臺商社群）為核心，第二圈是「臺灣」，第三圈是「中國大陸」，形成一個超越「臺灣」或「中國」二分法的身分認同。

關鍵字

移民 ； 青少年 ； 認同 ； 臺灣 ； 中國大陸

並列摘要

Most research on the identity of immigrant adolescents concentrates on the 1.5- and second-generation minorities. Because they are living and educated in the host country, their identity with the home country is limited. This paper focuses on a special group of adolescents. Although they have moved abroad, they do not study at schools provided for the local students. These adolescents enter schools which follow the curriculum of their home country. By analyzing their experiences at these schools and life after they graduate, we may know how this type of ”overseas education” affects the identity formation of these adolescents.The data of this paper is based on the author’s participant observation in two Taiwanese Schools (Dongguan and Huadong) in Mainland China in 2004-2005, and informal interviews with graduates in 2008-2012. All of the respondents clearly claimed their Taiwanese identity while they were students. However, this Taiwanese identity was based not on respondents’ experiences in Taiwan but on their life at these two schools, which functioned as ”surrogates” of Taiwan. Because this Taiwanese identity was not built upon real experiences in Taiwan, they felt alienated as outsiders when they returned to and associated with people in Taiwan. After moving back and forth across the Strait for several years, they developed a new sense of Taiwanese identity. Although these graduates still identified themselves as Taiwanese, they gradually came to perceive the Taiwanese community in Mainland China as the core, surrounded by Taiwan and Mainland China as the periphery, of this target of identity. In this multi-layer form of Taiwanese identity, these graduates gradually came to regard the Taiwanese communities overseas, rather than Taiwan or Mainland China, to build up their memories of a future home.

並列關鍵字

Migration ； adolescent ； identity ； Taiwan ； Mainland China

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