臺灣民衆幸福感變動趨勢：世代、年齡及人格的影響

Change in Subjective Well-Being During Adulthood in Taiwan: The Impact of Cohort, Age, and Personality

劉蓉果(Rong-Kou Liu) ； 朱瑞玲(Ruey-Ling Chu)

《人口學刊》 60期 (2020/06) Pp. 43-94

https://doi.org/10.6191/JPS.202006_(60).0002

摘要

為瞭解臺灣民眾主觀幸福感的變動趨勢與相關影響因素，本研究利用華人家庭動態調查（Panel Study of Family Dynamics）於2007-2018年期間九個波次的追蹤資料（panel study），共5,994位受訪者（出生於1935-1989年），合計38,039筆資料，採取多階層成長模式（hierarchical growth model）分析，得到以下結果：一、當代臺灣民眾的幸福感與出生世代呈現U型曲線，即年輕世代與年長世代的幸福感較高，中年世代較低，而最低點出現於60歲左右；二、一般而言，每個人隨年齡增長，幸福感受也逐年提高。但是年輕世代和中年世代變化不大，高齡世代幸福感的增加更顯著；三、相關人口變項中，性別、教育程度、婚姻、工作及健康狀態分別與幸福感受有顯著關聯；四、人格特質可以解釋幸福感狀態的個別差異，但與幸福感的變動無顯著相關，顯示人格特質為幸福感穩定的基礎；五、控制人口變項與人格特質影響之下，幸福感的世代差異與年齡增進等效果仍顯著，可以呼應生命歷程觀點（life course perspective）。

關鍵字

大五人格特質 ； 生命歷程觀點 ； 主觀幸福感 ； 多階層成長模式 ； 華人家庭動態調查

並列摘要

This study examined the change in subjective well-being (SWB) during adulthood among Taiwanese people. Using data from nine waves of ＂Panel Study of Family Dynamics＂ from 2007-2018 (born 1935-1989, n = 5,994, 38,039 data points), hierarchical growth models were fitted to examine the age-cohort differences and individual aging effect on SWB, as well as factors that may account for the change in SWB. Results showed that older cohorts and younger cohorts had better SWB than middle-aged cohorts (a U-shaped pattern) with the minimal SWB at the age around 60. The individual aging effects on SWB were observed with improvement, especially more remarkable in older cohorts. Gender, education, marital status, work status, physical health, together with personality traits, were identified to be significantly associated with SWB. Specifically, traits contributed to the individual differences but not personal change on SWB. Moreover, controlling the demographic and trait variables, cohort and aging effects on SWB remained significant, reflecting the life course perspective.

並列關鍵字

Big Five ； life course perspective ； subjective well-being ； hierarchical growth model ； Panel Study of Family Dynamics

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