半總統制下國會監督實際作為之初探：台灣立法院與法國國民議會之比較

Exploration of Parliamentary Oversight Behaviors under Semi-Presidentialism: A Comparison between Taiwanese Legislative Yuan and French National Assembly

廖達琪(Da-chi Liao) ； 陳月卿(Yueh-ching Chen)

《政治科學論叢》 69期 (2016/09) Pp. 27-74

https://doi.org/10.6166/TJPS.69(27-74)

摘要

本文以探討比較不同類型半總統制下國會的監督作爲，並以Shugart and Carey的「總統－議會」及「總理－總統」兩次類型爲比較差異的理論推論思考基礎，再依Polsby之概念，提出「表演－實作」的監督傾向光譜，以爲評量本文所比較代表「總統－議會」制的台灣立法院，及代表「總理－總統」制的法國國民議會監督作爲傾向的依據。本文再依兩類型的理論邏輯，分別選出「退撫制度」、「軍購問題」，及「核能核電」等三議題，來探測檢視台、法兩國國會的監督作爲台、法兩國會在三議題於政黨一致的觀察期間，在7項相關職權所展現的監督作爲是：台灣立法院較屬於「表演傾向」，法國國民議會則展現較強的「實作傾向」。不過，兩國會之監督也有共同困境；本文最後說明此研究的限制及對實務可能的貢獻。

關鍵字

半總統制 ； 總統－議會制 ； 總理－總統制 ； 國會監督實際作為 ； 台灣立法院 ； 法國國民議會

並列摘要

This paper explores and compares the parliamentary oversight behaviors in the different sub-types of semi-presidentialism, namely Shugart & Carey's president-parliamentarism and premier-presidentialism. It further transforms Polsby's concept of a legislative performance spectrum into a ＂show-work＂ spectrum, and then utilizes this to evaluate and compare the oversight behaviors of the Taiwanese Legislative Yuan, which represents ＂president- parliamentarism＂, and the ＂premier-presidential＂ French National Assembly. Based on the theoretical logic of the two sub-types, this paper also selects three issues to compare and examine the oversight behaviors in Taiwan and France, namely the public servant pension system, military acquisition and procurement, and nuclear power. The time span covered by this research is the period between 2007 and 2012, in which both countries experienced a unified government. Moreover, seven jurisdictional powers that are crucial to the exercise of parliamentary oversight functions are subject to detailed data collection and substantial comparison. This paper finds that the Taiwanese Legislative Yuan is leaning toward a ＂show＂ style of oversight behavior, while the French National Assembly is more of a ＂work＂ style. However, both parliaments encounter some similar constraints in conducting their oversight duties. The paper, in conclusion, illustrates its research limits and plausible contributions to parliamentary affairs as well as semi-presidential studies.

並列關鍵字

Semi-presidentialism ； President-parliamentarism ； Premierpresidentialism ； Parliamentary Oversight Behaviors ； Taiwanese Legislative Yuan ； French National Assembly

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