美國主導伊拉克「聯盟臨時行政當局」的策略與成效分析

An Analysis of Strategies and the Effectiveness of US Intervention in Iraq and Its Leadership of the Coalition Provisional Authority

王順文(Shun-wen Wang)

《政治科學論叢》 77期 (2018/09) Pp. 141-178

https://doi.org/10.6166/TJPS.201809_(77).0005

摘要

本文試圖了解外來干預者在臨時政府設置的角色，並探討美國主導伊拉克聯盟臨時行政當局的設置與相關政策、命令及其成效，包括去復興黨化與解散軍隊、治理委員會的組成，中央與地方的分權、歸還主權時程、民主選舉與自由市場機制等案例，並檢討其對美國戰略的影響。有別於許多文章較強調制度設計或重建成效，本文主張探討外在干預者於後衝突的臨時政府設置時，制度的引進或「善治」與否並非主要因素，相對地，似應先探討干預者如何看待自己的角色以及國家利益考量，同時，被干預國在國際體系中的地位、周邊行爲者與當地行爲者對於重建措施立場，將是主要影響臨時政府設置與政策的因素。

關鍵字

後衝突國家重建 ； 伊拉克聯盟臨時行政當局 ； 臨時政府的設置 ； 外來干預者的角色

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to understand the role of foreign interveners in the formation of post-conflict interim governments. It explores several policies and orders of the US-led Coalition Provisional Authority as well as the effects of these policies and orders, such as de-Ba'athification, the dismantling of Iraq's army, the Iraqi Governing Council's composition, separation of powers between the central government and governorates, returning sovereignty, democratic elections, and the introduction of a free market system during the Coalition Provisional Authority period. The purpose of this paper is to understand the role of foreign interveners in the formation of post-conflict interim governments. It explores several policies and orders of the US-led Coalition Provisional Authority as well as their effects such as de-Ba'athification, the dismantling of Iraq's army, the Iraqi Governing Council's composition, separation of powers between the central government and governorates, the returning of sovereignty, democratic elections, and the introduction of a free market system during the Coalition Provisional Authority period. Differing from the numerous articles that place greater emphasis on institutional design and / or the results of the reconstruction process, this paper considers that establishing an institution, or so-called ＂good governance＂, might not be the primary concern of interveners. Instead, the interveners are likely affected by how they view their role(s), grand strategy, and their own country's interests. This paper elaborates on how the status of fragile states in the international system, as well as the regional and local actors' positions on reconstruction, are also factors concerning the evaluation of an interim government and its policies.

並列關鍵字

Post-conflict State Building ； Coalition Provisional Authority ； Interim Government ； Foreign Intervener

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