以「事天」為本之治理思想：明末儒者安世鳳《尊孔錄》之研究

Viewing the Thoughts on Governance from the Perspective of ＂Serving Heaven＂: On the Late-Ming Confucianist An Shi-feng's Notes on Honoring Confucius

林峻煒(Chun-wei Lin)

《政治科學論叢》 82期 (2019/12) Pp. 1-37

https://doi.org/10.6166/TJPS.201912_(82).0001

摘要

本文以明末儒者安世鳳之《尊孔錄》爲研究對象，並以「事天」為分析其治理思想之視角。在學界既有關於明清之際思想轉變的研究中，學者們多半從「心性之學轉向經世之學」之視野來理解其特徵，以此呈現明清之際思想史的典範性的轉變。本文透過分析安世鳳之《尊孔錄》，指出一種帶有「事天」性質的儒學構想，觀察他如何反省理學，並以「事天」爲原則，開展關於群體治理活動的論述。我們將會看到，安世鳳之治理思想反映過往關於明清之際思想轉變之理解較受忽略的側面，展示了一條從「天人關係」之視野反思經世實踐的思考路徑，其中，「事君」之重要性被高度地看重，「君臣關係」也被以此一原則來衡量，藉以批判宋儒之士風，並蘊含有「尊君」的思想色彩。

關鍵字

事天 ； 天人關係 ； 治理

並列摘要

This paper aims to analyze the Late-Ming Confucianist An Shi-feng's Notes on Honoring Confucius (尊孔錄), and shows his thoughts on governance and its features. The main argument of ＂Serving Heaven,＂ which is a vision that differs from the existing landscape about the Ming-Qing transition of intellectual history, is the fundamental principle to reflect problems of governance. Not only can ＂Serving Heaven＂ become a discourse to govern, but it also presents a different perspective for criticizing Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism (理學). Simultaneously, another essential principle of ＂Serving the Emperor,＂ which is cognate with the discourse of ＂Serving Heaven,＂ is discussed to show the relationship between the emperor and the officials.

並列關鍵字

Serving Heaven ； Heaven-Man Relations ； Governance

參考文獻

Jaret Weisfogel著，王碩、王坤利譯，2016，《晚明地方社會中的禮法與騷動─管志道《從先維俗議》研究》，杭州：浙江大學出版社。譯自：A Late Ming Vision for Local Community: Ritual, Law and Social Ferment in the Proposals of Guan Zhi-dao. Minneapolis: Society for Ming Studies. 2010. Weisfogel, Jaret. Wang, Shuo & Kunli Wang. Trans. 2016. Wan Ming defang Shehuei jhong di lifa yu Saodong-Guan Jhih-dao “Cong Sian Wei Su yi yanjiou [A Late Ming Vision for Local Community: Ritual, Law and Social Ferment in the Proposals of Guan Zhi-dao]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press. Translated from A Late Ming Vision for Local community: Ritual, Law and Social Ferment in the Proposals of Guan Zhi-dao. Minneapolis: Society for Ming Studies. 2010.

小島毅，2006，〈宋代天譴論的政治理念〉，溝口雄三、小島毅（主編），《中國的思維世界》，南昌：江蘇人民出版社，頁281-339。Kojima, Tsuyoshi. 2006. “Song dai tian qian lun de zheng zhi li nian” [The Political Ideas of the Condemnation from the Heaven in Song Dynasty]. In Zhongguo de si wei shi jie [The World of Thought in China], eds. Mizoguchi, Yuzo & Tsuyoshi Kojima. Nanchang: Jiangsu People’s Publishing, 281-399.

文翔鳳，2000，《皇極篇》，北京： 北京出版社（據天津圖書館藏明萬曆刻本影印）。Wen, Xiang-feng. 2000. Huang Ji Pian [Collected Works Named the Ultimate Ruling Standard]. Beijing: Beijing Publishing House (Ju Wan li ke ben yingyin).

文翔鳳，2013，《河汾教》，重慶：西南師範大學出版社（據美國國會圖書館藏天啟年間刊本影印）。Wen, Xiang-feng. 2013. He fen jiao [Teachings of the Confucianism in Shanxi Province]. Chongqing: Chongqing Southwest China Normal University Publishing House (Ju tian qi nian jian kan ben yingyin).

王夫之，1996，《尚書引義》，長沙：岳麓書社。Wang, Fu-zhi. 1996. Shangshu yin yi [Elaborations on the Meaning of Shangshu]. Changsha: Yuelu Publishing House.