公共哲學與共生思想：現代日本政治思想中的多元論

Public Philosophy and the Philosophy of Kyosei: Pluralism in Contemporary Japanese Political Thought

安井伸介(Shinsuke Yasui)

《政治科學論叢》 90期 (2021/12) Pp. 1-33

https://doi.org/10.6166/TJPS.202112_(90).0001

摘要

1990年代是日本政治思想潮流的轉捩點，過度強調日本國粹意識的保守主義興起，日本的自由民主思想因而開始面臨重建自身價值的必要。公共哲學與共生思想是在此脈絡下流行的思想潮流，他們共享多元理念，共同抵抗右傾化現象，可視為當今日本政治思想中具有重要性的思想。鑒於此，本文以多元論為主軸，從政治思想的角度探析日本公共哲學與共生思想的特徵。本文指出，國族國家、帝國主義等現代性的負面現象是日本多元論極力抵抗的對象，他們亦批判辯證法中可見的排除原理。但是，他們對於實現多元理念的方法並沒有深入的討論，其論述相當薄弱。透過本文的研究，期望能呈現當今日本自由民主思想的特徵。

關鍵字

自由民主 ； 多元主義 ； 公共性 ； 日本左派

並列摘要

The situation of Japanese political thought changed after the 1990s upon the rise of national conservatism, which put too much emphasis on the concept of ＂Japaneseness＂. Those with liberal democratic thoughts in Japan were urged to rebuild their values to oppose the right-wing, and under these circumstances the public philosophy and the philosophy of Kyosei started to increasingly receive attention. Both philosophies can be regarded as important branches of political thought in contemporary Japan, and both hold on to the ideals of pluralism. This study analyzes the characteristics of pluralism in Japanese public philosophy and the philosophy of Kyosei from the viewpoint of political thought. It finds that Japanese pluralism strongly resists the negative aspects of modernity, such as the nation-state and imperialism, and criticizes the principle of elimination found in the dialectic method. However, these philosophies do not state methods of realizing pluralism in detail-a defect of Japanese pluralism. Overall, this essay provides an important viewpoint for appreciating the characteristics of contemporary Japanese liberal democracy.

並列關鍵字

Liberal Democracy ； Symbiosis (Kyosei) ； The Japanese Left

參考文獻

Arendt, H. 著，林宏濤譯，2015，《人的條件》，臺北：商周出版。譯自The Human Condition. Chicago: The University Chicago Press. 1998. Arendt, Hannah. Lin, Hong-tao. trans. 2019. Ren de tiaojian [Human Condition]. Taipei: Business Weekly Publications. Translated from Human Condition: Second Edition. Chicago: The University Chicago Press. 1998.

Lippmann, W. 著，任曉譯，2020，《公共哲學》，上海：上海譯文社。譯自 The Public Philosophy. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. 1989. Lippmann, Walter. Ren, xiao. trans. 2020. Gonggong zhexue [The Public Philosophy]. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House. Translated from The Public Philosophy. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. 1989.

Poundstone, W. 著，葉家興譯，2019，《囚犯的兩難：賽局理論、數學天才馮紐曼，以及原子彈的謎題》，臺北：左岸文化。譯自 Prisoner’s Dilemma: John von Neumann, Game Theory, and the Puzzle of the Bomb. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1993. Poundstone, William. Ye, Jia-xing. trans. 2019. Qiufan de liangnan: saiju lilun shuxue tiancai fengniuman yiji yuanzidan de miti [Prisoner’s Dilemma: John von Neumann, Game Theory, and the Puzzle of the Bomb]. Taipei: Rive Gauche Publishing House. Translated from Prisoner’s Dilemma: John von Neumann, Game Theory, and the Puzzle of the Bomb. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1993.

小林正彌，2009，〈新公共主義的基本展望 ── 從第二次世界大戰後日本政治理論的觀點展開〉，佐佐木毅、金泰昌（編），《21世紀公共哲學的展望》，北京：人民出版社，頁 122-162。Xiaolin, Zhengmi. 2009. “Xin gonggong zhuyi de Japan zhanwang: cong di er ci shijie dazhan hou riben zhengzhi lilun de guandian zhankai” [Basic Vision of Neo Republicanism: From a Viewpoint of Political Theory in Postwar Japan]. In 21 shiji gonggong zhexue de zhanwang[In Search of Public Philosophy in the 21st Century], eds. Zuozuomu, yi & Taichang Kim. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 122-162.

山脇直司，2009，〈「全球－地域」公共哲學的構想〉，佐佐木毅、金泰昌（編），《21 世紀公共哲學的展望》，北京：人民出版社，頁 1-27。Shanxie, zhisi. 2009. “Quanqiu diyu gonggong zhexue de gouxiang” [An Idea of Glocal Public Philosophy]. In 21 shiji gonggong zhexue de zhanwang [In Search of Public Philosophy in the 21st Century], eds. Zuozuomu, yi & Taichang Kim. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 1-27.