稻米香味之遺傳與育種

Genetics of and Breeding for Scent in Rice

張萬來(Wan-Lai Chang) ； 鄭明欽(Ming-Chin Cheng) ； 劉瑋婷(Wei-Ting Liu)

《花蓮區農業改良場研究彙報》 2期 (1986/03) Pp. 1-2

摘要

本試驗於73年2期及74年1期利用Kabasico、白玉、Della與Azucena等香稻與非香稻雜交組合在花蓮區農業改良場辦理稻米香味之遺傳及育種試驗所得之結果。由這些組合F2集團稻米香味之遺傳分析初步結果顯示香稻品種Kabasico、白玉、Della與Azucena之香味均各受兩對顯性重複基因所控制，而香味之遺傳似不受母性效果之影響。73年2期作計完成12個雜交組合，計得750粒雜交種子，並自雜交分離後代中選取優良單株或系統進一步篩選之用。其中自F3或F4系統中選出表現較佳之優良系統140個於74年1期參加新品系產量比較試驗。另在73年2期參加產量比較試驗之A722063等3個香稻品系，產量均低於對照品種台農67號，嘉農育269號香稻品系在本縣3個主要產米地區之產量與對照品種台農67號相若，且較穩定，值得推廣。74年1期作計完成10個雜交組合，計得630粒雜交種子，並自雜交分離後代中選取優良單株或系統進一步篩選之用。其中自F4系統中選出表現較佳之優良系統85個參加74年2期作新品系產量比較試驗，另在74年1期參加產量比較試驗之A732031號等5個香稻品系產量高於對照品種台農67號，A732030號等3品系之產量與台農67號相似，此等品系值得進一步探討各項農藝性狀以作為進一步試驗之依據。嘉農育269號香稻品系僅在光復試區之產量接近台農67號，在玉里鎮、富里鄉試區之產量則較不理想。不同葉片與米粒香味檢定方法所得結果，彼此間多存有顯著之相關關係，其中糙米咀嚼檢定法與慣行米飯檢定法所得香味間之相關係數最大，顯示有取代慣行法之可能。73年2期在吉安等5個鄉鎮8個地區計蒐集本地種香稻227個單穗，並於74年1期作進行純系分離試驗結果選出87個單株，繼續於74年2期進行農藝性狀調查。另自國際稻米研究所引進KhaoLuang等新香稻品種11種，分別在73年2期及74年1期進行農藝性狀之觀察及香味之檢定。初步結果顯示以Xiang GengLi之表現最佳，可供為育種材料或推廣之用。

並列摘要

This report summarized the results obtained from genetical studies and breeding program for scent carried at Hualien District Agricultural Improvement Station (DAIS) in the second crop of 1984 and first crop of 1985. The segregarion of aromatic and non-aromatiric plants in F2 populations indicated that aroma in Kabasico, Hakugyoku, Della and Azucena was each controlled by two dominant duplicate genes. A total of 12 crosses were made in the second crop of 1984 and 750 hybrid seeds were obtained, while 10 crosses and 630 hybrid seeds were obtained in the first crop of 1985. Selections made in the segregating generations resulted in the identification of 140 outstanding lines for testing in the first crop of 1985 and 85 in the second crop of 1985. The results showed that five aromatic strains including A732031 yielded higher than the check variety, Tainung 67, whereas three strains yielded similarly as Tainuny 67. The yield of another aromatic strain, Chianungyu 269 was also quite high and stable, showing that this strain has cultivar potential. There were significant correlations among the aroma ratings obtained from four leaf blade and three rice-grain testing methods. Among these, correlation coefficnent between aromatic ratings obtained from chewing brown rice and those from boiled rice was quite high, suggesting that the Chewing of brown rice could be used to replace the conventional testing method of boiled rice. A total of 227 panicles of aromatic land rances cultivars were collected from eight sites in five towns at the second crop of 1984 in Hualien, from these, 87 plants were selected for further observation in the first crop of 1985. Also, 11 new aromatic rice varieties were introduced from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in philippines for abservations in the second crop of 1984 and the first crop of 1985. The results so far obtained indicated that the variety, Xian Geng Li appeared quite promising for possible use both as breeding material and cultivar.