增施氮肥及有機肥對稻谷產量及品質之研究

Study of Nitrogen and Organic Matter Application on Grain Yield and Quality of Rice

李祿豐(Loo-Fong Lee)

《花蓮區農業改良場研究彙報》 3期 (1987/04) Pp. 17-18

摘要

本研究目的是探討稻田增施氮肥及有機肥料對稻體組織含N量及矽酸（SiO2）含量之影響，同時也評估稻熱病之發生與稻作產量之關係，和分析谷粒蛋白質含量與米質之相關程度，供將來生產良質米之參考，經試驗獲初步結果如下：1.稻體氮含量與水稻產量呈顯著負相關（r=-0.596*），但與穗稻熱病發生率呈顯著正相關，表示增加氮肥施用使穗稻熱病發生而無法提高產量。2.稻株矽酸含量與水稻產量有顯著正相關（r=0.636*），顯示增加谷殼之施用可減少病害之發生，對提高產量有顯著效果。3.由稻體含氮量與粗蛋白質含量及穗稻熱病率呈極顯著正相關（r=0.746**及0.741**），及穗稻熱病率又與產量呈極顯著負相關（r=-0.843**），此係增加氮肥之施用導致減低產量及米質降低的因素。4. 由稻體矽酸含量與穗稻熱病率、粗蛋白含量、稻體N含量呈極顯著負相關（r=0.759**,-0.745**,-0.868**），表示矽酸肥料可增進水稻生育，減少病害發生，有助於產量之提高，及改進米飯食味之功效。

並列摘要

The effect of the nitrogen treatment and organic matter application on the sillicon and nutrient content of rice plant was studied. The relationship between grain yield and rice blast disease was evaluated and the effect of protein conten to grain quality of rice was analyzed. Field experiment was carried out in the first crop season in 1986 at the Luan-Yan branch station, Hualien DAIS. The results are summarized as fallows: 1. The negative correlation between grain yield and nutrient content of rice plant (r=-0.596*) indicated that more nitrogen fertilizers applied would not produce more grain yield of rice. 2. The highly positive correlation between silicon content of rice plant and grain yield (r=0.636*) suggested that more rice hull applied into the field could decrease rice blast disease, hence more grain yield was produced. 3. The nitrogen content of the rice plant were significantly correlated with crude protein and rice blast disease (r=0.746**, 0.741**). However, the negative correlation between grain yield and rice blast disease precentage (r=-0.843**) was observed. These results showed that nitrogen fertilizers applied improperly would decrease the grain yield and grain quality of rice. 4. The highly negative correlations of silicon content of rice plant to the rice blast disease, crude protein, nitrogen content of rice plant (r=-.759**, -0.745**, -0.868** respectively) indicated that the application of silicon organic fertilzers can increase the tolerance of rice plant to the blast disease and improve it's milling quality.