番茄與柑橘共用型顏色選別指標之研究

Study on Common Color Indices for Tomato and Citrus Sorting

陳世銘(Su-ming Chen) ； 馮丁樹(Din-Sue Fon) ； 張家禎(Chia-Chen Chang)

《農業機械學刊》 4卷4期 (1995/12) Pp. 47-57

https://doi.org/10.30062/JAM.199512.0005

摘要

水果之成熟度與其果皮之顏色甚爲相關，因此可將果皮之顏色作爲成熟分級之依據。大部份水果成熟時，其果皮顏色由綠色轉變爲黃色或紅色，因此藉由此兩類水果果皮光學反射性質之研究，可以建立水果成熟度之泛用型選別指標。本研究以椪柑及番茄作爲此兩類水果之代表，首先將水果分成黃、綠（或紅、綠）兩個族群，然後取定量之樣本，以分光光度計測量其在可見光及紅外光光譜範圍（400至2400 nm）之反射值。所測得之反射值數據每隔10 nm以RS-232傳至IBM個人電腦，然後再傳至VAX電腦進行統計分析。由單波長及雙波長組成之五種指標模式共有80601種可能之選擇。統計分析即以馬氏距離之大小決定各種指標選別能力之排序名次，再經由分析比對此兩類水果之排名及其相對應之選別指標，即可找出能適用於此兩類水果之共用型顏色選別指標。本研究已發展出一套以光譜反射、五種指標模式、馬氏距離以及比對分析等步驟之推求泛用型顏色選別指標之標準方法。針對桠柑及番茄，此兩種水果之最佳共用型顏色選別指標之其中三個爲(R650-R980)/R980，(R660-R820)/R820以及(R650-R780)/R780，此求得之共用型指標將有助於泛用型水果顏色選別機之設計與開發。

關鍵字

水果 ； 成熟度 ； 顏色選別 ； 共用指標

並列摘要

The surface color of fruits is closely related to the maturity, and thus can be used as an important criterion for maturity sorting operations. Since the surface color of most fruits turns from green to either yellow or red when they mature, the investigation of surface reflectance characteristics of these two groups of fruits would provide useful information on developing universal color indices for maturity evaluations. In this study, Ponkan mandarins and Green Shoulder tomatoes were selected to represent these two groups of fruits. Speciments from yellow-green(or red-green)color categories were measured in the reflectance spectrum range from 400 to 2400 nm by a spectrophotometer. The experimental reflectance data were transmitted to an IBM personal computer through RS-232 at a rate of one data per 10 nm of wavelength interval, and then uploaded to a VAX computer for statistical analyses. Five types of color quality indices which consisted of single wavelength or dual wavelengths had 80601combinations.They were analzed by Mahalanobis distance to decide the rank lists of indices according to their sorting abilities. After comparing and analyzing the rank lists, common color sorting indices for two groups of fruits were obtained. In this study, a standard procedure was successfully developed to setup universal color sorting indices. For Ponkan and tomato, some of the best common color indices developed in this study are(R650-R980)/R980,(R660-R820)/R820 and(R650-R780)/R780.These common color indices would definitely make the design of universal color sorters possible.

並列關鍵字

Fruits ； Maturity ； Color Sorting ； Common Index