基於均質化手法檢視紙材構型於包裝承載落摔條件之緩衝效果

INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CUSHIONING PERFORMANCE FOR PACKAGES FILLED WITH PAPERBOARD STRUCTURES UNDER DROP TESTS BASED ON HOMOGENIZATION APPROACH

潘資閔(Zih-Min Pan) ； 黃鼎筌(Ting-Chuan Huang) ； 廖國基(Kuo-Chi Liao)

《農業機械學刊》 31卷2期 (2022/06) Pp. 17-35

摘要

發泡材料係為產品運輸包裝廣泛採用之緩衝材料，然回收不易且難以再利用，綠色包裝觀念因此備受關注。紙材為環境高友善度材料，其中瓦楞結構紙板及蜂巢結構紙板經常應用於緩衝包裝。包裝產品於運輸過程中，可能因外在環境因素承受振動抑或撞擊，吸收衝擊能力因此為緩衝構型設計重要考量因子。瓦楞紙板及蜂巢紙板皆具備相對複雜之結構，本研究因此針對此兩種紙板，分別採用均質化程序應用於數值分析，藉以大幅降低計算成本。瓦楞結構均質化採用一自動化之材料參數擬合（fitting）流程，藉以獲得其正交各向異性彈性材料參數值，並搭配異向性降伏準則。藉由蜂巢結構詳細模型進行單軸壓縮模擬所得之應力－應變曲線資料匯入商業用有限元素分析軟體，採用可壓碎泡沫模型（crushable foam model）進行蜂巢結構均質化。紙材需預先進行特徵值挫屈分析，擷取相對應挫屈模態導入數值模型作為初始幾何缺陷，藉以呈現結構承受負荷可能產生之挫屈反應。為強化吸震效果，針對瓦楞紙板及蜂巢紙板設計不同緩衝構型，於不同規格條件下，執行緩衝包覆落摔模擬，並與發泡材料包覆落摔實驗量測結果進行比對，藉以評估紙板構型取代發泡材料之可行性，進而協助相關產業於設計階段快速評估較佳緩衝構型。

關鍵字

瓦楞結構紙板 ； 蜂巢結構紙板 ； 均質化 ； 包覆緩衝落摔 ； 有限元素分析

並列摘要

Based on the concept of green packaging, biodegradable paper is considered as a potential alternative to non-recyclable foam materials such as expandable polyethylene (EPE) commonly utilized as cushions for product protections nowadays. Homogenization approaches of corrugated and honeycomb paperboards with relatively complicated structures are then performed to dramatically reduce the computational cost in the present study. Classical laminated plate theory (CLPT) is adopted for the homogenization of the corrugated paperboard while its mechanical properties are characterized by the orthotropic elastic constitutive law and the Hill plasticity with linear hardening. On the other hand, the crushable foam model is selected to describe mechanical responses of the homogeneous honeycomb paperboard. A finite element analysis is carried out to construct homogeneous paperboards with different configurations used to protect the target product in a carton. Numerical simulations of the package filled with various cushions under drop conditions performed as a free fall from a given height onto a rigid surface are conducted to investigate the corresponding acceleration histories of the package at the certain location. Note that the eigenvalue buckling analysis of the paperboard is introduced in the calculation to account for initial geometry imperfections of the model. Maximum accelerations of the package with EPE as the cushion based on the simulations are in fair agreement with those based on the experimental measurements. Simulation results show that both corrugated and honeycomb paperboards with the appropriate configuration can exhibit similar or even better energy absorption capabilities than EPE. Current procedures are promising for the effective and efficient evaluation of the specific paperboard configuration used to substitute for foam materials.

並列關鍵字

Paperboard structure ； Homogenization ； Cushioning performance ； Drop test ； Finite element analysis

參考文獻

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