威權政治體制民主化過程中公共行政的發展

The Democratization of Authoritarian Regime: Perspectives for the Development of Public Administration

吳英明(Eing-Ming Wu)

《中國行政評論》 1卷2期 (1992/03) Pp. 1-26

https://doi.org/10.6635/cpar.1992.1(2).01

摘要

一般政治學者認為中華民國76年戒嚴法解除後正經歷從威權政體轉型到民主政體的階段。在探討威權政體的文獻中得知，政府行政的體系經常受到統治者過渡使用或控制而造成政治生態的不平衡，公共行政在威權體制的政治生態中，其發展自然受到限制。公共行政的發展與其所運作的政治環境有密不可分的關係。面對民主化的挑戰，公共行政的思維及運作必需能符合民主化的潮流及明白民主化對公共行政的隱意，進而提出改革措施。本論文的重點在探討威權政體民主化過程中公共行政發展的展望。其主要的目的在於強調時「責任政治」的理念落實在公共行政的影響。首先，本文將舊文獻探討威權政體的特徵及其對公共行政的影響。再者，本文將針對我國當前民主化幾個重點潮流（例如政治民主化、憲政改革、及政治多元化），從去共行政的架構提出討論及闡述。最後，本文將討論上述民主化潮流對公共行政民主化的隱意及公共行政因應的措施。

關鍵字

威權政體 ； 公共行政 ； 民主化 ； 民主政治 ； 責任行政

並列摘要

The R.O.C. government was considered as an aurhoritarian regime in the past. However, this country is now in its transition period toward political democratization since the lift of Martial Law in 1987. In theory and parctice, the development of public administration cannot be detached from surrounding political environment. Facing the challenges of demorcratization, the mentality and practices of public management need to cope with major trends (such as political democratization, constitutional reform, and political plurality) and grasp there implications in the contemporary political environment. This paper is to discuss the perspectives for the development of public administration in a democratizing political environment which evolves from an authoritarian regime. The purpose of the paper is to reinforce the concept of accountability in the development of public administration. First, this paper explores the literature on the characteristics of authoritarian regime and there influences on the practices of public administration. Secondly, some major trends of the democratization from the authoritarian political ecology are identified, discussed, and interpreted with the theories of public administration. Finally, this paper suggests some perspectives and required practices for the democratization of public administration.

並列關鍵字

Authoritarian Regime ； Public Administration ； Democratization ； Democracy ； Accountability