Risk Assessment as an Effective Environment Management Tool

風險評估：有效的環境管理工具

丘昌泰(Chang-Tay Chiou)

《中國行政評論》 1卷4期 (1992/09) Pp. 57-70

https://doi.org/10.6635/cpar.1992.1(4).04

摘要

本文旨在探討有效的環境管理工具:風險評估，風險評估在美國聯邦政府中受到廣泛的注意，如健康教育福利部會簽署文件要求將風險評估列入該機關的政策制定過程中。實務上，風險評估可以分成四個步驟:災變認定、劑量回應評估、暴露程度評估與風險評估。此四個步驟的模式應確實反應在風險評估報告中。開發中國家運用風險評估的缺失主要有: (1)資料庫的欠缺、(2)建立可接受風險水準的不確定性、(3)估計低機率性，但高結果性的災變後果甚為困難、以及(4)減少風險所產生的利益之衡量相當困難。為了改進開發中國中應用風險評估在環境政策制定上的困境，本文嘗試提出數種策略，以供參考。

關鍵字

風險評估 ； 風險管理 ； 風險政策 ； 環境管理

並列摘要

This is a paper devoted to the analysis of risk assessment in environmental management. Risk assessment is receving widespread attention in the U.S. federal government. The Department of HEW (1985), for example, have issued documents to encourage the use of risk assessment in public policy making process. In practice, risk assessment can be divided into four major steps: hazard identification, does-response evaluation, exposure assessment, and risk evaluation. The four-stage model should be reflected in a risk assessment report.The limitations on the use of rosk assessment in the developing countries most often mentioned include as inadequate data base, uncertainties on establishing acceptable levels of risk, the difficulty of estimating the impact of low-probability but high-consequence hazards, and the measurement of the benefits of risk reduction. In order to improve the utilization of risk assessment in environmental policy formation. Several strategies were developed in this paper.

並列關鍵字

Risk management ； Risk policy ； Enviornmental management