我國憲法及增修條文所規範考試權體制之比較研究

Personnel Power in ROC Constitution and the Additional Articles: A Comparative Perspective

喬育彬(Yu-Bin Chiao)

《中國行政評論》 4卷4期 (1995/09) Pp. 1-24

https://doi.org/10.6635/cpar.1995.4(4).01

摘要

我國憲法第八章規範之「考試」，包含「考試權」與「考試院」組織職權之體制，為歷來探討我國「人事權獨立制」之主要依據，其主要特性包含「人事權獨立」、「人事主管機關獨立」與「人事一條鞭制」等特性。自民國十七年國民政府組織法公佈，及民國三十六年行憲以來，此一基本體制未曾改變。民國五十六年九月政府成立「行政院人事行政局」，行政機關始掌理若干人事權責，但亦未突顯其特質，且行政院人事行政局之存廢亦常成為論者評述我國憲政人事體制之話題。
自民國八十年代起，憲政體制修改波及考試權新體制之革新議題，憲法增修條文第五條於民國八十三年七月公佈後，「考試權」新體制已告確定，即考試院仍為國家最高考試機關（人事行政總機關），但考試院的職權已以列舉方式限定為十項而載入增修條文第五條各項規定之中，換言之，素來考試院擁有全部集中之人事權至此有了變化，除考試院擁有之十項人事權外，其「剩餘人事權」則歸諸行政院職掌，行政院人事行政局組織條例並已於民國八十二年十二月三十日公佈，「人事集權」階段終於演變為「人事分權」時期。此一體制前後不同與相互比較，即為本篇論文重點。

關鍵字

考試權 ； 人事權 ； 剩餘人事權 ； 人事機關獨立制 ； 增修條文第五條 ； 人事獨立制 ； 人事集權 ； 人事分權 ； 人事權責爭議 ； 一院獨大 ； 考試權新體制

並列摘要

The main points which was included in the Chapter 8 of the Constitution of the ROC (Taiwan) 1947-is the foundation of the system of civil service of our country. This system included the independent type of Personnel power (out of Executive power). Central personnel organization (out of Executive Branch) and the single hierarchy of the central-local personnel agencies. This system has been set up since 1928, the period of Nationalist Government. It has also been absorbed in the Articles 83-89 of the Constitution of the ROC (Taiwan) since 1947. The personnel function of the Executive Branch has been strengthened since the formation of Central Personnel Administration of the Executive Yuan in 1967.
The chapter 8 of hte Constitution has been reorganized and revised in 1991-1994. the Article 5 of the Additional Articles has marked the new characteristics of the civil service system marked a new era. The personnel functions of the Executive Yuan has been strengthened. The personnel functions of the Examination Yuan has been restricted to some extents. The previous centralization-orientation of civil service (1928-1990) has been charged and becomed the contemporary decentralization type. This is the central issue of our new civil service.

並列關鍵字

examination power ； personnel function ； independence of examination power ； independent-type of personnel organization ； central personnel agency ； revised article of the constitution ； centralization of personn