“權力分立”乎抑或“權能區分”乎－析論我國憲法中有關國家權力設計之比較研究

Either the "Separation of Powers" or the "Division of Authorities": Concerning the Comparative Research of the Constitution State's Power Design in R.O.C. (Taiwan)

莊富源(Fu-Yuan Chuang)

《白沙人文社會學報》 3期 (2004/10) Pp. 83-113

https://doi.org/10.6766/JPHSS.200410.0083

摘要

長久以來，有關我國中央政制的組織與定位問題，學界的看法可謂仁智互見，並無確切的定論。歸根究柢，關鍵在於對國家權力設計的分權理論取向各有不同所致；基本上，「權力分立」與「權能區分」是兩套相互衝突的分權制衡觀念，彼此立論的基礎不同，權力的性質與界定也有所不同，甚至於權力的設計與運作更是不同。但由於制憲者當初的有意妥協而予以強行兼容並置，遂成爲現行憲法的矛盾之源，職是之故，實有加以釐正闡明之必要。

關鍵字

權力分立 ； 權能區分 ； 五權政府 ； 政權 ； 治權 ； 分權制衡 ； 總統制 ； 半總統制或雙首長制 ； 議會內閣制 ； 議會統治制

並列摘要

Since for a long time, concerning the matter of central government organization and orientation in R.O.C. (Taiwan), there have so many different views, and make no sure conclusions. In the finally analysis, the key-point based on the theory of power separation about state's power design are different. Basically, the ”separation of power” and the ”division of authorities” is two kind of check and balance ideas but conflict for each other, neither an assertion made nor power characteristics and its definitions, even power design and its operation are more different. Due to the constitution-maker intentional compromise and forcible tolerant in the beginning, and it comes to be the origin of constitutional contradiction until now. For this reason, there must be identified and clarified in fact.

並列關鍵字

Separation of powers ； Division of Authorities ； Five Power Government ； Power of the People ； Power of the Government ； Check and Balance ； Presidential System ； Semi-Presidential System or Dual Leadership System