美國公私部門兩性工作人力之比較研究

A Comparative Analysis of Male and Female Labor Distribution between Public and Private Organizations in the United States

鄭麗嬌(Lee-Joy Cheng)

《中國行政評論》 6卷3期 (1997/06) Pp. 27-56

https://doi.org/10.6635/cpar.1997.6(3).02

摘要

在美國的勞動市場中，雖然女性參與比例逐漸擴大，且在經濟上扮演了舉足輕重的角色，然而在薪資待遇與就業類別的選擇上，女性往往不如男性。一九六三年同酬法與一九六四年公民權法第七條等法令，雖然是對抗就業歧視的主要政策依据。然而性別就業歧視現象依然四處充斥。本文除檢視就業性別隔離對女性所帶來的重大影響外，並進一步探究不同機關類別與職務類別下，所呈顯的性別隔離現象。研究結果有助於吾人對公私部門兩性性別隔離現象的全盤瞭解，並可供聯邦公平就業機會委員會（EEOC）未來改進性別歧視現象之參酌。

關鍵字

兩性性別平等政策 ； 性別隔離 ； 就業歧視 ； 女性主義 ； 肯定行動

並列摘要

Although women constitute a large and growing proportion of the American labor force, and their employment plays a vital role in their economy, they earn substantially less than men and typically work in a small number of occupations that predominantly employ women. Since Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 have endured as the main policy for combating employment discrimination, sex discrimination in employment still has been wide-spread. The purposes of this study are to review evidences showing that sex segregation in employment has significant consequences for women particularly, and to investigate the status of working women by examining different organizational background and different occupational position. Results of this study provide us a fuller understanding of sex segregation by different organizations and also offer EEOC to better target its efforts and resources in the future.

並列關鍵字

Equal Employment Policy ； Sex Discrimination ； Employment Discrimination ； Feminist ； Affirmative Action