美國社會福利政策發展之研究：回顧與展望

The Development of Social Welfare Policy in the U.S.: Retrospect and Prospect

鄭麗嬌(Lee-Joy Cheng)

《中國行政評論》 9卷1期 (1999/12) Pp. 103-134

https://doi.org/10.6635/cpar.1999.9(1).04

摘要

過去六十餘年來，美國社會福利政策一直在逐漸改變中。現行美國社會福利的主要計畫係擘劃於一九三○年代的新政時期，並於一九六○年代的大社會時期中擴展而成，其中最主要的發展，首推至今仍為美國社會福利立法重要基石的一九三五年社會安全法。本文主要目的在應用宏觀及長期觀點，將研究焦點置於過去六十餘年來美國社會福利政策發展的五大演進階段，藉以回顧社會福利政策之發展與沿革，並檢視美國政府歷年來在提供福利上所扮演的角色。最後，本文針對美國未來福利政策所可能面臨的挑戰，提出了若干政策性建議。

關鍵字

社會福利政策 ； 新政 ； 大社會 ； 社會安全法 ； 福利改革

並列摘要

American social welfare policy has changed incrementally over the last sixty years. The present American welfare programs were designed in the 1930s during the New Deal and expanded in the 1960s during the Great Society. The most important development was the Social Security Act of 1935, which remains the cornerstone of social welfare legislation today. The purposes of this article are to review the development of and changes in social welfare policy, and the role of government in providing welfare policy, in U.S. history. The study focuses on the evolution of social welfare policy in five stages over the course of sixty years. Macro and long-term review perspectives are utilized. Finally. Several future challenges and policy suggestions are offered.

並列關鍵字

social welfare policy ； New Deal ； Great Society ； Social Security Act ； welfare reform