美國與中國關係之發展向來為國際關係學者關注之焦點,隨著歐巴馬上台以來,美國將外交重心重新移回亞洲;在此同時,亞太區域安全亦隨著亞洲各國之間長期以來的歷史糾結與矛盾,而產生許多動盪與不安。例如,在北韓發展核武議題上,週遭區域國家各有盤算,致使六方會談自2009年以來即處於停擺當中。而北韓問題也成為南韓總統朴謹惠上台以來,首次訪美之重要議題。另外,在領土糾紛問題上,日本與俄國之間關於北方四島歸還日本之談判,亦多次停擺;中國與印度亦產生嚴重對峙。至於中國、日本與台灣圍繞釣魚台主權問題上,亦隨著去年七月開始日本國有化釣魚台而產生嚴重衝突;南海主權問題和東海油田開發案件都是促使亞太區域進入嚴重爭端與紛擾的來源。因此美國在亞太所扮演之角色便相當重要,一舉一動都成為亞太各國背後算計的焦點。在這樣的背景之下,便引發本文欲針對美國在亞太區域爭端四起之下所制定的亞太戰略進行分析之研究動機,以清楚瞭解美國亞太政策形成之背景、戰略意涵,以及它對亞太各國,包含中國所造成之可能影響與衝擊,做一分析。因此,本文以歷史研究途徑,分析美國自歐巴馬總統上台以來所制定的亞太戰略與政策,根據其架構加以探究。
When US President Barack Obama met with Chinese President Hu Jintao on November 15, 2009, on his first state visit to China, US-China relations had shifted from constructive and strategic partnership to the one that will face shared challenges. However, for the Obama Administration, since the United States has many important strategic interests at stake in the Asia Pacific region, the U.S. would return to Asia. This therefore has important implication to Asia-Pacific regional security. Since Obama's second term, the U.S. decided to rebalance its Asia policies. This indicates that the U.S. will keep maintaining his power and influence in Asia-Pacific region. This paper therefore wants to examine the reasons and factors behind the U.S. rebalancing strategy and discuss its impacts to Asia-Pacific security.