國防治理的本質與類型：基於治理意涵的觀察、分類與批判

治理的概念近三十年來在各個領域中快速的普遍化，亦有豐富的實踐經驗。本文探討治理概念應用於國防事務範疇時，國防治理有哪些可能的面貌與內涵，以提供實踐上更多可能的引導。本文檢閱相關的文獻，提出國防治理可能的理論類型或概念類型，再採取批判途徑，對本文所提出的國防治理類型與內涵進行批判。經過概念化與通則化的處理與分類後，發現當代的國防治理可被區分為四種理論類型，分別為「管理主義論」、「經濟結構論」、「政策過程論/改革論」、「多元論/參與論」，而依序分以管理學、經濟學、政策學、政治學為知識基礎；以及「施政論」、「跨學科論」二種概念類型。國防治理如同所有的治理形式一樣，蘊含豐富的意涵，釐清國防治理的不同面貌與內涵，實為應用國防治理之前的必要認識，以適應於適切的環境與目的。

關鍵字

管理主義；經濟結構論；政策過程與改革；多元論；參與；跨學科

並列摘要

The concept of governance has been rapidly generalized in various fields in the past 30 years, and it has rich practical experience. This article explores the possible features and connotations of defense governance when the concept of governance is applied in the field of defense affairs, in order to provide more possible guidance in practice. This article reviews relevant literature and proposes possible theoretical types or conceptual types of defense governance. Then take the critical approach and criticize the types and connotations of defense governance proposed in this article. After conceptualized, generalized, treatment and classification, it is found that contemporary defense governance can be divided into four theoretical types: ＂Managerialism＂, ＂Economic structuralism＂, ＂Policy process model/Reformation model＂, and ＂Pluralism/Participationism＂, and based on Management, Economics, Policy Science, and Political Science; and two conceptual types: ＂Administration＂ and ＂transdisciplinarity.＂ Defense governance, like all forms of governance, has very rich implications. It is necessary to clarify the different features and connotations of defense governance before applying it, and to correspond with the appropriate environment and purpose.