模擬槍管制政策執行問題之研究

改造模擬槍已成為我國執法機關所查獲非法槍枝之主流，近年來涉及多起槍擊案件，嚴重危害社會治安，對人民的生命、身體和財產安全造成重大威脅。因此「槍砲彈藥刀械管制條例」（以下簡稱「槍砲條例」）第20-1條特別規定「具類似真槍之外型、構造、材質及火藥式擊發機構裝置，且足以改造成具有殺傷力者，為模擬槍，由中央主管機關會同中央目的事業主管機關公告查禁。」由此可知，模擬槍管制政策在本質上係由政府訂定一種特殊規範，以指導政府機關及標的人口執行或從事某些法定行為的「管制性政策」。政府根據「槍砲條例」採取具體之查禁管制措施，期能遏止改造槍枝氾濫之亂象，預防槍擊案件之發生，有效維護社會治安和國家安全。執法機關查禁模擬槍時須根據「槍砲條例」對模擬槍所下定之定義進行鑑定，鑑定結果符合其定義者，方得依法裁罰。因此，明確無爭議的模擬槍鑑定標準是落實查禁模擬槍政策的關鍵因素。本文首先探討問題背景，明確指出模擬槍管制政策執行之困處；接著探討相關之實證研究及文獻，並從立法沿革探究模擬槍管制政策之形成與發展；再就模擬槍管制政策重要議題省思中分別論述「模擬槍物理特性管制政策之擬定」與「設置模擬槍審議委員會逐案認定公告查禁」等兩個重要議題。最後，針對我國模擬槍管制政策執行問題，提出建議以供參考。

關鍵字

槍砲彈藥刀械管制條例；模擬槍；模擬槍管制；政策執行；管制性政策

並列摘要

Modification of imitation guns has become the mainstream of illegal guns seized by law enforcement agencies in Taiwan. In recent years, many shooting cases have been involved, seriously endangering social security and posing a major threat to people's lives, bodies and property safety. Therefore, Article 20-1 of the ＂Controlling Guns, Ammunition and Knives Act＂ (hereinafter referred to as the ＂Guns Act＂) specifically stipulates that ＂ a device resembling real gun in exterior, structure, materials and with gunpowder trigger mechanism can be altered into lethal gun is defined as an imitation gun, which shall be officially banned by the national competent authority in conjunction with the national authority in charge of the business. From this, it can be seen that the imitation gun control policy is essentially a ＂regulatory policy＂ formulated by the government to guide government agencies and the target population to implement or engage in certain statutory acts. The government has taken specific prohibition and control measures in accordance with the ＂Guns Act＂, hoping to curb the proliferation of guns, prevent the occurrence of gun shootings, and effectively maintain social order and national security. When law enforcement agencies ban imitation guns, they must conduct an appraisal according to the definition of imitation guns set by the Guns Act. Only those whose appraisal results conform to the definition can be punished in accordance with the law. Therefore, it is clear that the uncontroversial appraisal standard for imitation guns is the key elements of policy to implement the ban on imitation guns. This paper first discusses the background of the problem, and clearly points out the difficulties in the implementation of the imitation gun control policy; then it discusses the relevant empirical research and literature, and explores the formation and development of the imitation gun control policy from the legislative evolution; and then reflects on the important issues of the imitation gun control policy. In this paper, two important issues, such as ＂the formulation of the control policy of the physical characteristics of the imitation guns＂ and ＂the establishment of a case-by-case determination, announcement and prohibition of the imitation guns review committee＂ were discussed respectively. Finally, for the implementation of my country's imitation gun control policy, suggestions are made for reference.