結合防震技術與超音波測量舌體於中文聲母音標發音之結果

Quantitative Measurement of Tongue Movement during Mandarin Consonants Production with Ultrasonography in Combination with the Cushion-Scanning Technique

江裕群(Yuh-Chyun Chiang) ； 彭建綸(Chien-Lun Peng) ； 李飛鵬(Fei-Peng Lee)

《台灣耳鼻喉頭頸外科雜誌》 38卷4期 (2003/08) Pp. 168-178

https://doi.org/10.6286/2003.38.4.168

摘要

背景：中文聲母的發音過程，因為牽涉的構音方式和器官複雜，大多數有關語音、音韻的研究，包括發音訓練等等，均以中文聲母為研究的對象。另一方面，在許多構音相關的器官當中，舌體則是最重要卻也是最不容易直接視察的構音器官。超音波儀器在發音研究的應用上，具有操作簡單、能顯示二度平面圖像即時動態、影像可重複取得、沒有生物傷害性及相對儀器價格較便宜等特點。
方法：利用口腔防震式超音波的原理和方法，輔以電腦數位技術，觀察測量34名(男性18名，女性16名)，年齡分布在23至27歲之間的健康成人，在ㄅ，ㄆ，ㄇ，ㄈ，ㄉ，ㄊ，ㄋ，ㄌ，ㄍ，ㄎ，ㄏ，ㄐ，ㄑ，ㄒ，ㄓ，ㄔ，ㄕ，ㄖ，ㄗ，ㄘ和ㄙ等21個中文聲母的構音過程中，舌體的運動幅度和形式。
結果：各中文聲母發音在舌體矢狀切面之上下移動振幅的測量結果：ㄅ，ㄆ，ㄇ，ㄈ，ㄉ，ㄊ，ㄋ，ㄌ，ㄍ，ㄎ，ㄏ，ㄐ，ㄑ，ㄒ，ㄓ，ㄔ，ㄕ，ㄖ，ㄗ，ㄘ和ㄙ的測量值，在男性平均值分別為9.02；6.77；7.05；7.02；7.51；6.88；7.21；6.93；13.48；12.84；5.39；4.54；5.61；4.44；4.11；4.20；3.12；3.76；5.17；3.81和3.28 公釐；女性平均值分別為6.51；5.42；5.09；5.44；5.62；5.38；4.79；6.75；10.07；9.46；4.17；4.31；4.92；3.89；5.51；4.59；3.70；3.84；2.88；3.67；3.07和3.62公釐。中文聲母音標發音過程時，舌體側面之移動型態的即時觀察則顯示，在同一音組內，各受測者發各音時之舌中矢切面移動模式極為類似；不同受測者之間，發相同音之舌中矢切面移動模式亦極為類似。舌尖後音組和舌尖前音組這兩組音，在不同受測者之間的舌體運動模式比較上，則有少部份運動模式的變異出現。
結論：經由口腔防震式超音波觀測中文聲母的構音過程，不僅可以數位定量舌體運動；另外，相同音組發音時，舌體運動模式再現性高的結果，我們認為，以口腔防震式超音波所提供的穩定、即時動態顯影的優點，配合視覺生理回饋的機制，未來在構音異常的治療方法應用上，將有相當大的發展。

關鍵字

防震式掃描技術 ； 中文聲母

並列摘要

BACKGROUND: To apply the cushion-scanning technique (CST) and B+M mode ultrasonography in quantitative analysis of tongue movement during production of Mandarin consonants. The twenty-one syllable initial consonants were testing targets.
METHODS: Thirty-four normal persons (18 female, 16 male) were enrolled in this study. Each individual was asked to enunciate each consonant according to the phonetic symbols on the paper shown, and to read each consonant three times at the rate of one consonant per second. A noninvasive diagnostic technique, computer-assisted B-mode plus M-mode ultrasonography, was used in combination with the CST to assess their tongue movement. The sonographic signals were recorded on a video recorder and then transferred to a personal computer via a frame grabber for digital assessment.
RESULTS: Artifact-free images were obtained. M-mode images show an amplitude-time diagram while B-mode images reveal midsagittal tongue configuration. The average of the range of tongue movement in male speakers during production of the consonant ㄅ，ㄆ，ㄇ，ㄈ，ㄉ，ㄊ，ㄋ，ㄌ，ㄍ，ㄎ，ㄏ，ㄐ，ㄑ，ㄒ，ㄓ，ㄔ，ㄕ，ㄖ，ㄗ，ㄘ and ㄙ was 9.02;6.77;7.05;7.02;7.51;6.88;7.21;6.93;13.48;12.84;5.39;4.54;5.61;4.44;4.11;4.20;3.12;3.76;5.17;3.81 and 3.28 mm respectively. That in female speakers was 6.51;5.42;5.09;5.44;5.62;5.38;4.79;6.75;10.07;9.46;4.17;4.31;4.92;3.89;5.51;4.59;3.70;3.84;2.88;3.67;3.07 and 3.62 mm respectively. Patterns of tongue movement and configuration were found to be consistent for these normal speakers during consonants production.
CONCLUSION: The computer-assisted B-mode plus M-mode ultrasonography in combination with the cushion-scanning technique provides a standardized and objective ultrasound examination for the clinical investigation of tongue movement during consonant articulation. Real-time observation, as well as quantitative measurement of tongue movement during articulation is readily available. It is our aim to continue applying this tool on future patients to reach a new realm in the field of future speech research.

並列關鍵字

cushion-scanning technique ； Mandarin consonants